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Evaluating the psychometric properties of two-item and four-item short forms of the Japanese Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Purpose

The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire is a valid measure assessing self-efficacy in individuals with chronic pain. Short-form versions of the measure have been developed to decrease the assessment burden. However, few studies have evaluated the psychometric properties of the short forms in languages other than English. The aim of this study was to evaluate two 2-item short forms and one 4-item short form of the Japanese Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in terms of internal consistency, criterion validity, structural validity, and construct validity.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. Data from 150 individuals with mixed chronic pain at a pain management center in a university hospital were extracted from clinical records and analyzed. The data included the information of the original version and short forms of the Japanese Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and other pain-related measures assessing pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety, depression and pain catastrophizing.

Results

Item statistics supported the item selection for each of the three short forms. All the short forms demonstrated adequate internal consistency and criterion validity. With respect to construct validity, one of the 2-item short forms failed to meet the criterion regarding the change in the magnitude of correlation with a depression scale. The 4-item short form met all the criteria including structural validity.

Conclusion

The study findings provide evidence for the reliability and validity of 2- and 4-item versions of the Japanese Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for use in clinical and research settings.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Professor Michael Nicholas for granting us permission to develop and evaluate the PSEQ-J short forms and also to Professor Mark P Jensen for his detailed comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pain Management Clinic, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan

    Tomonori Adachi, Kiyoka Enomoto & Miho Nakanishi

  2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Tomonori Adachi

  3. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan

    Tomonori Adachi

  4. Center for Pain Management, Osaka University Medical Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Kiyoka Enomoto, Noriyo Takahashi, Tomohiko Nishigami & Masahiko Shibata

  5. Department of Psychology, McGill University, Québec, Montréal, Canada

    Keiko Yamada

  6. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Keiko Yamada

  7. Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Keiko Yamada

  8. Department of Occupational Therapy, Osaka College of Rehabilitation, Osaka, Osaka, Japan

    Daisuke Inoue

  9. Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan

    Miho Nakanishi

  10. Tokuyukai Senriyama Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

    Noriyo Takahashi

  11. Department of Physical Therapy, Konan Woman’s University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Tomohiko Nishigami

  12. Department of Health Science, Naragakuen University, Nara, Japan

    Masahiko Shibata

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  1. Tomonori Adachi
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  2. Kiyoka Enomoto
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  4. Daisuke Inoue
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Correspondence to Tomonori Adachi.

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Adachi, T., Enomoto, K., Yamada, K. et al. Evaluating the psychometric properties of two-item and four-item short forms of the Japanese Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: a cross-sectional study. J Anesth 33, 58–66 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-018-2583-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-018-2583-8

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