Abstract
Recent studies have identified patterns of genetic organization during schooling in the reproductive period of several Neotropical freshwater migratory fish. However, population segregation during non-reproductive periods is still unknown for most species. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of populations of Salminus brasiliensis, a high-value large migratory freshwater fish, sampled during the non-reproductive season. We analysed 89 adults from Uruguay River Basin (Brazil) collected during the two consecutive non-reproductive periods, and assessed the genetic diversity levels using eleven microsatellite loci. Our results showed that populations are genetically structured, suggesting these fish can remain grouped likely due to a cooperative behaviour, not related to reproduction, in a typical shoaling behaviour. Besides, we found high genetic diversity for S. brasiliensis from the Turvo State Park area, highlighting the importance of this conservation unit as a relevant area for maintaining the genetic variability of S. brasiliensis in the Uruguay River.
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Acknowledgements
JR acknowledges the financial support provided by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior (PDSE) (process1592/81-2). PMGJ thanks Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Grant 2010/52315-7), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 308385/2014-4) and Sistema Nacional de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (SISBIOTA-Brazil, MCTI/CNPq 563299/2010-0). EZF thanks Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Grant 302860/2014-2). We are grateful to Laboratório de Biologia e Cultivo de Peixes de Água Doce (LAPAD) of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Pedro Iaczinki and local fishermen for help with fish collections. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for valuable contributions improving the manuscript. Research was conducted under Animal Care Protocol PP00788.
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10750_2018_3550_MOESM2_ESM.tif
Fig. S2 Plots displays mean log-likelihood values (LnP (D)) and Evanno´s Delta K generated in STRUCTURE HARVESTER based in 89 Salminus brasiliensis from Uruguay River Basin. STRUCTURE analysis was performed with six independent runs for K = 1-10 were performed at 500,000 Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) repetitions after a burn-in period of 300,000 iterations. Delta K results indicated that samples comprise two populations (K = 2) (TIFF 17982 kb)
10750_2018_3550_MOESM3_ESM.tif
Fig. S3 Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC). (a) Density of individual scores on the first discriminant function, with groups represented in red (Pop-2011) and blue (Pop-2011). (b) Membership probabilities (in bar plots), represent individuals in different clusters. (TIFF 119 kb)
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Ribolli, J., Zaniboni-Filho, E., Freitas, P.D. et al. Genetic evidences of non-reproductive shoaling in the freshwater fish Salminus brasiliensis. Hydrobiologia 815, 65–72 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3550-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3550-y