Abstract
The antioxidant activity of β-carotene and oxygenated carotenoids lutein, canthaxanthin, and astaxanthin was investigated during spontaneous and peroxyl-radical-induced cholesterol oxidation. Cholesterol oxidation, measured as generation of 7-keto-cholesterol (7-KC), was evaluated in a heterogeneous solution with cholesterol, AAPH, and carotenoids solubilized in tetrahydrofuran and in water, and in a homogeneous solution of chlorobenzene, with AIBN as a prooxidant. The formation of 7-KC was dependent on temperature and on cholesterol and prooxidant concentrations. All the carotenoids tested, exhibited significant antioxidant activity by inhibiting spontaneous, AAPH- and AIBN-induced formation of 7-KC, although the overall order of efficacy of these compounds was astaxanthin > canthaxanthin > lutein = β-carotene. The finding that carotenoids exert protective effects on spontaneous and free radical-induced cholesterol oxidation may have important beneficial effects on human health, by limiting the formation of atheroma and by inhibiting cholesterol oxidation in food processing or storage.
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Abbreviations
- AAPH:
-
2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride
- AIBN:
-
2,2′-Azobis-isobutyronitrile
- COPs:
-
Cholesterol oxidation products
- 7-KC:
-
7-Keto-cholesterol
- THF:
-
Tetrahydrofuran
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This work was supported by MIUR.
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Palozza, P., Barone, E., Mancuso, C. et al. The protective role of carotenoids against 7-keto-cholesterol formation in solution. Mol Cell Biochem 309, 61–68 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-007-9643-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-007-9643-y