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Influence of Culture Media and Their Compositions on Haploid Induction in Indian Short Day Onion

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Abstract

Two media, Gamborg’s medium (B5) and Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) with various combinations, were used to study their effect on haploid induction efficiency from unpollinated flowers or ovaries in tropical short day onion. In B5 medium, highest induction efficiency (1.9%) was observed on HAP18 followed by HAP17 and HAP05 whereas in MS medium, HAP40 recorded highest induction frequency (5.0%) followed by HAP32. Kinetin, meta-topolin, thidiazuron did not influence embryo induction. Sucrose at 7.5% in B5 medium and at 10% in MS medium was found to be optimum for induction. Days for plantlet induction were 98.9 ± 3.9 days in B5 medium and 83.1 ± 2.7 days in MS medium. Induction rate of 0.51% and survival of 27.8% in B5 medium and induction rate of 0.72% and survival of 33% in MS medium were observed. Three haploids, 1 mixoploid and 1 diploid in B5 medium and 2 haploids, one diploid in MS medium were obtained. Flow cytometry and cytology confirmed the status of haploid plants. MS medium was found to be better than B5 medium and newer combinations for haploid induction were identified. Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM™) at 1 mg/l was found to be efficient for inhibiting contamination from field grown flower buds. These combinations will be helpful in devising new strategies for faster and higher rate of haploid induction in tropical short day Indian cultivars.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India under the project code BT/PR12181/BPA/118/22/2014. The authors are thankful to the Director, ICAR-IARI and Head, Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-IARI for providing the laboratory facilities and encouragement to carry out the work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    Gururaj Basaya Mathapati, Pritam Kalia, Sabina Islam, Arun Kumar & Anil Khar

  2. Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    Navinder Saini

Authors
  1. Gururaj Basaya Mathapati
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  2. Pritam Kalia
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  3. Sabina Islam
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  4. Navinder Saini
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  5. Arun Kumar
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Correspondence to Anil Khar.

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Significance statement India is the second largest producer of onion but the productivity is very low. Low productivity is because of lack of hybrids and farmers grow open pollinated varieties. For hybrid development, inbreds are a prerequisite and for inbred development through conventional methods 12–14 years are required. Hence, hybrids have not been released in India till date. Haploid culture will help in generating inbreds in 2 years, instead of 12–14 years, which will accelerate hybrid onion development.

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Mathapati, G.B., Kalia, P., Islam, S. et al. Influence of Culture Media and Their Compositions on Haploid Induction in Indian Short Day Onion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 89, 739–746 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-018-0990-0

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