Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The assessment of ceramic and mixed recycled aggregates for high strength and low shrinkage concretes

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Very few studies on recycled aggregate concretes (RC) have been extended to the use of recycled ceramic and mixed aggregates in relation with high strength concretes. In the main they concentrate only on the analysis of the physical and mechanical properties. This study deals with the investigation of the influence that different percentages (up to 30% substitution for natural aggregates) of high porous ceramic and mixed recycled aggregates have over the plastic, autogenous and drying shrinkage of the concretes. The physical and mechanical properties as well as the chloride resistance were also determine in order to assess the viability of the use of ceramic and mixed recycled aggregates in high strength concretes. The results revealed that the employment of highly porous recycled aggregates reduced the plastic and autogenous shrinkage values of the concrete with respect to those obtained by conventional concrete (CC). Although the total drying shrinkage of the recycled concrete proved to be 25% higher than that of the CC concrete, the CC concrete had in fact a higher shrinkage value than that of the RC from 7 to 150 days of drying. It can be concluded that the RC concrete produced employing up to 30% of fine ceramic aggregates (FCA, with 12% of absorption capacity) achieved the lowest shrinkage values and higher mechanical and chloride ion resistance. In addition, the concrete produced with low percentage (10–15%) of recycled mixed aggregates also had similar properties to conventional concrete.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sonawane TR, Pimplikar SS (2013) Use of recycled aggregate in concrete. Int J Eng Res Technol 2(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  2. Etxeberria M, Vázquez E, Marí A, Barra M (2007) Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Cem Concr Res 37(5):735–742

    Google Scholar 

  3. Dhir RK, Paine KA, De Brito J, Etxeberria M, Ho NY, Poon CS, Tam VWY (2011) Use of recycled and secondary aggregates in concrete: engineering and environmental considerations. In: UKIERI concrete congress “new developments in concrete construction”. pp 157–182

  4. Poon CS, Shui ZH, Lam L, Fok H, Kou SC (2004) Influence of moisture states of natural and recycled aggregates on the slump and compressive strength of concrete. Cem Concr Res 34(1):31–36

    Google Scholar 

  5. De Brito J, Pereira AS, Correia JR (2005) Mechanical behaviour of non-structural concrete made with recycled ceramic aggregates. Cem Concr Compos 27(4):429–433

    Google Scholar 

  6. Deloitte (2017) Study on resource efficient use of mixed wastes, improving management of construction and demolition waste—final report. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/pdf/CDW_Final_Report.pdf. Accessed Sept 2018

  7. Directive 2008/98/EC European Parliament (2008) Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (waste framework directive). http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/. Accessed Sept 2018

  8. Ministry of Agriculture (2015) National framework plan for waste management (Plan Estatal Marco de Gestión de Residuos, PEMAR). https://www.mapama.gob.es/es/calidad-y-evaluacion-ambiental/planes-y-estrategias/pemaraprobado6noviembrecondae_tcm30-170428.pdf. Accessed Sept 2018

  9. Alves AV, Vieira TF, De Brito J, Correia JR (2014) Mechanical properties of structural concrete with fine recycled ceramic aggregates. Constr Build Mater 64:103–113

    Google Scholar 

  10. Evangelista L, de Brito J (2007) Mechanical behaviour of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Cem Concr Compos 29(5):397–401

    Google Scholar 

  11. Pedro D, De Brito J, Evangelista L (2014) Influence of the use of recycled concrete aggregates from different sources on structural concrete. Constr Build Mater 71:141–151

    Google Scholar 

  12. Juan-Valdés A, Rodríguez-Robles D, García-González J, Guerra-Romero MI, Morán-del Pozo JM (2018) Mechanical and microstructural characterization of non-structural precast concrete made with recycled mixed ceramic aggregates from construction and demolition wastes. J Clean Prod 180:482–493

    Google Scholar 

  13. Etxeberria M, Fernandez JM, Limeira J (2016) Secondary aggregates and seawater employment for sustainable concrete dyke blocks production: case study. Constr Build Mater 113:586–595

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kou SC, Poon CS, Wan H (2012) Properties of concrete prepared with low-grade recycled aggregates C & D Waste. Constr Build Mater 36:881–889

    Google Scholar 

  15. Suzuki M, Seddik M, Meddah, Sato R (2009) Use of porous ceramic waste aggregates for internal curing of high-performance concrete. Cem Concr Res 39(5):373–381

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gonzalez-Corominas A, Etxeberria M (2014) Properties of high performance concrete made with recycled fine ceramic and coarse mixed aggregates. Constr Build Mater 68:618–626

    Google Scholar 

  17. Vejmelková E, Keppert M, Rovnaníková P, Ondráček M, Keršner Z, Černý R (2012) Properties of high performance concrete containing fine-ground ceramics as supplementary cementitious material. Cem Concr Compos 34(1):55–61

    Google Scholar 

  18. Etxeberria M, Vegas I (2014) Effect of fine ceramic recycled aggregate (RA) and mixed fine RA on hardened properties of concrete. Mag Concr Res 67:645–655

    Google Scholar 

  19. Silva RV, De Brito J, Dhir RK (2014) Properties and composition of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste suitable for concrete production. Constr Build Mater 65:201–217

    Google Scholar 

  20. Medina C, Sánchez De Rojas MI, Frías M (2013) Properties of recycled ceramic aggregate concretes: water resistance. Cem Concr Compos 40:21–29

    Google Scholar 

  21. Correia JR, De Brito J, Pereira AS (2006) Effects on concrete durability of using recycled ceramic aggregates. Mater Struct Constr 39(286):169–177

    Google Scholar 

  22. Torkittikul P, Chaipanich A (2010) Utilization of ceramic waste as fine aggregate within Portland cement and fly ash concretes. Cem Concr Compos 32(6):440–449

    Google Scholar 

  23. Pacheco-Torgal F, Jalali S (2010) Reusing ceramic wastes in concrete. Constr Build Mater 24(5):832–838

    Google Scholar 

  24. Higashiyama H, Sappakittipakorn M, Sano M, Yagishita F (2012) Chloride ion penetration into mortar containing ceramic waste aggregate. Constr Build Mater 33:48–54

    Google Scholar 

  25. Higashiyama H, Yagishita F, Sano M, Takahashi O (2012) Compressive strength and resistance to chloride penetration of mortars using ceramic waste as fine aggregate. Constr Build Mater 26(1):96–101

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fujiwara T (2008) Effect of aggregate on drying shrinkage of concrete. J Adv Concr Technol 6(6):31–44

    Google Scholar 

  27. Zhutovsky S, Kovler K, Bentur A (2002) Efficiency of lightweight aggregates for internal curing of high strength concrete to eliminate autogenous shrinkage. Mater Struct 35(2):97–101

    Google Scholar 

  28. Bentz DP, Snyder KA (1999) Protected paste volume in concrete Extension to internal curing using saturated lightweight fine aggregate. Cem Concr Res 29(11):1863–1867

    Google Scholar 

  29. Henkensiefken R, Bentz D, Nantung T, Weiss J (2009) Volume change and cracking in internally cured mixtures made with saturated lightweight aggregate under sealed and unsealed conditions. Cem Concr Compos 31(7):427–437

    Google Scholar 

  30. Shah SP, Weiss WJ (2000) High strength concrete: strength, permeability, and cracking. In: Proceedings of the PCI/FHWA international symposium on high performance concrete. pp 331–340

  31. Zhutovsky S, Kovler K (2012) Effect of internal curing on durability-related properties of high performance concrete. Cem Concr Res 42(1):20–26

    Google Scholar 

  32. Bentur A, Igarashi S, Kovler K (2001) Prevention of autogenous shrinkage in high-strength concrete by internal curing using wet lightweight aggregates. Cem Concr Res 31(11):1587–1591

    Google Scholar 

  33. Neville AM (1995) Properties of concrete, 4th edn. Longman, London

    Google Scholar 

  34. ACI Committee 209 (2005) Report on factors affecting shrinkage and creep of hardened concrete. American Concrete Institute

  35. Sadati S, Khayat KH (2017) Restrained shrinkage cracking of recycled aggregate concrete. Mater Struct 50(4):206

    Google Scholar 

  36. Pedro D, de Brito J, Evangelista L (2017) Structural concrete with simultaneous incorporation of fine and coarse recycled concrete aggregates: mechanical, durability and long-term properties. Constr Build Mater 154:294–309

    Google Scholar 

  37. Medjigbodo S, Bendimerad AZ, Rozière E, Loukili A (2018) How do recycled concrete aggregates modify the shrinkage and self-healing properties? Cem Concr Compos 86:72–86

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dimitriou G, Savva P, Petrou MF (2018) Enhancing mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 158:228–235

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bendimerad AZ, Rozière E, Loukili A (2016) Plastic shrinkage and cracking risk of recycled aggregates concrete. Constr Build Mater 121:733–745

    Google Scholar 

  40. Bui PT, Ogawa Y, Nakarai K, Kawai K, Sato R (2017) Internal curing of Class-F fly-ash concrete using high-volume roof-tile waste aggregate. Mater Struct Constr 50(4):1–12

    Google Scholar 

  41. Bravo M, de Brito J, Evangelista L, Pacheco J (2018) Durability and shrinkage of concrete with CDW as recycled aggregates: benefits from superplasticizer’s incorporation and influence of CDW composition. Constr Build Mater 168:818–830

    Google Scholar 

  42. Silva RV, De Brito J, Dhir RK (2015) Prediction of the shrinkage behavior of recycled aggregate concrete: a review. Constr Build Mater 77:327–339

    Google Scholar 

  43. EHE-08 (2010) Code on structural concrete. Madrid, Spain: Centro de Publicaciones, Secretaría General Técnica, Ministerio de Fomento

  44. Gonzalez-Corominas A, Etxeberria M (2016) Effects of using recycled concrete aggregates on the shrinkage of high performance concrete. Constr Build Mater 115:32–41

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bolomey J (1935) Granulation et prévision de la résistance probable des betons. Travaux 19(30):228–232

    Google Scholar 

  46. Fernández Cánovas M (2013) Concrete, 10th edn. Garceta, Madrid (in Spanish)

  47. Evangelista L, De Brito J (2010) Durability performance of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Cem Concr Compos 32(1):9–14

    Google Scholar 

  48. Etxeberria M, Vázquez E, Marí AR (2006) Microstructure analysis of hardened recycled aggregate concrete. Mag Concr Res 58:683–690

    Google Scholar 

  49. Poon CS, Shui ZH, Lam L (2004) Effect of microstructure of ITZ on compressive strength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates. Constr Build Mater 18(6):461–468

    Google Scholar 

  50. Saliba J, Rozière E, Grondin F, Loukili A (2011) Influence of shrinkage-reducing admixtures on plastic and long-term shrinkage. Cem Concr Compos 33(2):209–217

    Google Scholar 

  51. JCI Committee Report (1999) Technical committee on autogenous shrinkage of Concrete, “Autogenous shrinkage of concrete”. FN & Spon, Hiroshima

    Google Scholar 

  52. Medina C, Zhu W, Howind T, Sánchez de Rojas MI, Frías M (2014) Influence of mixed recycled aggregate on the physical: mechanical properties of recycled concrete. J Clean Prod 68:216–225

    Google Scholar 

  53. Khatib JM (2005) Properties of concrete incorporating fine recycled aggregate. Cem Concr Res 35(4):763–769

    Google Scholar 

  54. Elsharief A, Cohen MD, Olek J (2005) Influence of lightweight aggregate on the microstructure and durability of mortar. Cem Concr Res 35(7):1368–1376

    Google Scholar 

  55. Etxeberria IVM, Gonzalez-Corominas A (2013) Application of low-grade recycled aggregates for non-structural concrete production in Barcelona city. In: International conference on sustainable construction materials and technologies

  56. López V, Llamas B, Juan A, Morán JM, Guerra I (2007) Eco-efficient concretes: impact of the use of white ceramic powder on the mechanical properties of concrete. Biosyst Eng 96(4):559–564

    Google Scholar 

  57. Golias M, Castro J, Weiss J (2012) The influence of the initial moisture content of lightweight aggregate on internal curing. Constr Build Mater 35:52–62

    Google Scholar 

  58. Ajdukiewicz A, Kliszczewicz A (2002) Influence of recycled aggregates on mechanical properties of HS/HPC. Cem Concr Compos 24(2):269–279

    Google Scholar 

  59. ACI Committee 363 (1997) State of the art report on high-strength concrete. Farmington Hills

  60. Corinaldesi V, Moriconi G (2015) Use of synthetic fibers in self-compacting lightweight aggregate concretes. J Build Eng 4:247–254

    Google Scholar 

  61. Martínez-Lage I, Martínez-Abella F, Vázquez-Herrero C, Pérez-Ordóñez JL (2012) Properties of plain concrete made with mixed recycled coarse aggregate. Constr Build Mater 37:171–176

    Google Scholar 

  62. Mora-Ruacho J, Gettu R, Aguado A (2009) Influence of shrinkage-reducing admixtures on the reduction of plastic shrinkage cracking in concrete. Cem Concr Res 39(3):141–146

    Google Scholar 

  63. Castro J, Keiser L, Golias M, Weiss J (2011) Absorption and desorption properties of fine lightweight aggregate for application to internally cured concrete mixtures. Cem Concr Compos 33(10):1001–1008

    Google Scholar 

  64. Pepe M, Koenders EAB, Faella C, Martinelli E (2014) Structural concrete made with recycled aggregates: hydration process and compressive strength models. Mech Res Commun 58:139–145

    Google Scholar 

  65. Baghabra Al-Amoudi OS, Maslehuddin M, Abiola TO (2004) Effect of type and dosage of silica fume on plastic shrinkage in concrete exposed to hot weather. Constr Build Mater 18(10):737–743

    Google Scholar 

  66. Wyrzykowski M, Trtik P, Münch B, Weiss J, Vontobel P, Lura P (2015) Plastic shrinkage of mortars with shrinkage reducing admixture and lightweight aggregates studied by neutron tomography. Cem Concr Res 73:238–245

    Google Scholar 

  67. Etxeberria M, Gonzalez-Corominas A, Pardo P (2016) Influence of seawater and blast furnace cement employment on recycled aggregate concretes’ properties. Constr Build Mater 115:496–505

    Google Scholar 

  68. Meddah MS, Sato R (2010) Effect of curing methods on autogenous shrinkage and self-induced stress of high-performance concrete. ACI Mater J 107(1):65–74

    Google Scholar 

  69. Hewlett P (2004) Lea’s chemistry of cement and concrete, 4th edn. Butterworth-Heineman, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  70. Meddah MS, Suzuki M, Sato R (2011) Influence of a combination of expansive and shrinkage-reducing admixture on autogenous deformation and self-stress of silica fume high-performance concrete. Constr Build Mater 25(1):239–250

    Google Scholar 

  71. Souche JC et al (2017) Early age behaviour of recycled concrete aggregates under normal and severe drying conditions. J Build Eng 13(January):244–253

    Google Scholar 

  72. Kou S, Poon C (2015) Effect of the quality of parent concrete on the properties of high performance recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 77:501–508

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kou S-C, Zhan B, Poon C-S (2014) Use of a CO2 curing step to improve the properties of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates. Cem Concr Compos 45:22–28

    Google Scholar 

  74. Silva RV, De Brito J, Neves R, Dhir R (2015) Prediction of chloride ion penetration of recycled aggregate concrete. Mater Res 18(2):427–440

    Google Scholar 

  75. Gómez-Soberón JM (2009) Shrinkage of concrete with replacement of aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate. ACI Spec Publ 209:475–496

    Google Scholar 

  76. Jin L, Du X, Ma G (2012) Macroscopic effective moduli and tensile strength of saturated concrete. Cem Concr Res 42(12):1590–1600

    Google Scholar 

  77. Gonzalez-Corominas A, Etxeberria M (2014) Experimental analysis of properties of high performance recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 52:227–235

    Google Scholar 

  78. Chia KS, Zhang M-H (2002) Water permeability and chloride penetrability of high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete. Cem Concr Res 32:639–645

    Google Scholar 

  79. Zhang MH, Gjørv OE (1990) Microstructure of the interfacial zone between lightweight aggregate and cement paste. Cem Concr Res 20(4):610–618

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain (MINECO) for providing funds for the INNPACT Project (IPT-2012-1093-310000) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Jordi Girona, 1-3 B1 Building, Barcelona, 08034, Spain

    Miren Etxeberria & Andreu Gonzalez-Corominas

Authors
  1. Miren Etxeberria
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andreu Gonzalez-Corominas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Miren Etxeberria.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Etxeberria, M., Gonzalez-Corominas, A. The assessment of ceramic and mixed recycled aggregates for high strength and low shrinkage concretes. Mater Struct 51, 129 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1244-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1244-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation