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Modern Electrochemistry 2A

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Further Reading

Seminal

  1. W. Nernst, Z. Physikal. Chem. 47:52 (1904).

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  2. J. Tafel, Z. Physikal. Chem. (Leipzig) 50:641 (1905).

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  4. T. Erdey Gruz and M. Volmer, Z. Physikal Chemie 203:250 (1930).

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Reviews

  1. J. O’M. Bockris, Chem. Rev. 3:525 (1948) (hydrogen oriented); Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, Ch. 4, Butterworths, London (1954). First comprehensive article on electrode kinetics as such.

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  2. K. J. Vetter, Electrode Kinetics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1961). First textbook on electrode kinetics.

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  3. B. E. Conway, Theory of Principles of Electrode Processes, Ronald Press, New York (1964).

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Further Reading

  1. A. N. Frumkin, Z. Physikal Chem. 164A:121 (1933). Effect of the double-layer structure on the concentration dependence of a reaction rate.

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  2. J. O’M. Bockris, I. A. Ammar, and A. K. M. S. Huq, J. Phys. Chem. 61:879 (1957). Effect of the double-layer structure on the potential dependence of the electrochemical reaction rate.

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Historical

  1. J. O’M. Bockris, “The Life of A. N. Frumkin,” Proc. RoyAustr. Chem. Inst. 19–21 (1971).

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Modern

  1. C. M. A. Brett and A. M. O. Brett, Electrochemistry, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1993).

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  2. C. H. Hamman, A. Hamnett, and W. Vielstich, Electrochemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (1995).

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Elementary Phenomenological Electrode Kinetics

  1. J. O’M. Bockris, J. Chem. Ed. 48:352 (1971).

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  2. E. Gileadi, Electrode Kinetics for Chemists, Engineers and Material Scientists, VCH Publisher, Weinheim (1993).

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  3. W. Schmickler, Interfacial Electrochemistry, Ch. V, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1995).

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Further Reading Seminal

  1. H. Brattain and G. Garrett, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 58:951 (1954). First treatment (thermodynamic) of semiconductors as electrodes.

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  2. M. Green, “Electrochemistry of the Semiconductor Solution Interface,” in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, ed., Vol. II, Butterworths, London (1959). First kinetic treatment of electron transfer at semiconductor/solution interfaces.

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  3. H. Gerischer, “Semiconductor Electrode Reactions,” in Recent Advances in Electrochemistry, P. Delahay, ed., Interscience, New York (1961). Electrode kinetics involving conductivity and valence bands.

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  4. J. F. Dewald, “Semiconductor Electrodes,” in Semiconductors, H. B. Hannay, ed., Reinhold, New York (1964). First diagrammatic presentation of electron exchange between redox species in solution and semiconductor bands.

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Modern

  1. F. Gutmann, H. Keyzer, and L. E. Lyons, Organic Semiconductors, Part B, Malabar, FL (1983).

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  2. G. DiGiolomo, Electrochemical Migration, J. McHardy and F. Ludwig, eds., Noyes, Park Ridge, NJ (1992).

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  3. K. Uosaki and M. Koinuma, “STM and Semiconductor-Solution Interfaces,” Faraday Disc. 94:361 (1992).

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  4. R. DeMattel and R. S. Feigelson, “Electrochemical Deposition of Semiconductors,” in Electrochemistry of Semiconductors, J. McHardy and F. Ludwig, eds., Noyes, Park Ridge, NJ (1992).

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  5. P. Allongue, in Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering, H. Gerischer and C. Tobias, eds., VCH Publishers, Weinheim (1995). STM on semiconductor electrodes.

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  6. W. Schmickler, Interfacial Electrochemistry, pp. 81–94, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1996).

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  7. W. Jaegerman, “Semiconductor Electrolyte Interface: A Surface Science Approach,” in Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. E. White, B. E. Conway, and J. O’M. Bockris, eds., Vol. 30, Plenum, New York (1996).

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  8. C. Hamann, A. Hamnett, and W. Vielstich, Electrochemistry, pp. 207–208, VCH-Wiley, New York (1998).

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Further Reading Seminal

  1. F. Haber, Z. Elektrochemie 7: 13 (1900). Luggin capillary as a means to avoid IR errors.

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  2. W. Nernst, Z. Elektrochemie 7: 253 (1900). Hydrogen reference electrode.

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  3. F. P. Bowden and E. K. Rideal, Proc. Roy. Soc. 120A: 59, 80 (1928). First measurements of “real” areas.

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  4. S. Levina and W. Silberfarb, Acta Physicochim. USSR 4: 282 (1936). First cells aimed at steady-state pure solution measurements.

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  5. S. Levina and W. Sarinsky, Acta Physicochim. USSR 6: 491 (1937). Clean solutions, preelectrolysis.

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  6. A. Hickling, Trans. Faraday Soc. 33: 1540 (1937). The first paper on electronic potentiostats.

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  7. F. P. Bowden and J. Grew, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1: 91(1947). Measurements at very low current densities, 10 nA cm −2.

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  8. J. O’M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, J. Sci. Instrum. 19A: 23 (1948). Preparation of electrodes in a hydrogen flame.

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  9. J. O’M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, Trans. Faraday Soc. 45: 989 (1949). Effects of trace impurities in solution.

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  10. A. M. Azzam, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and H. Rosenberg, Trans. Faraday Soc. 46:918 (1950). Technique of steady-state electrode kinetics on solid electrodes involving intermediates.

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  11. C. Wagner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 98: 116 (1951). Resistance and current lines in solution.

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  12. S. Schuldiner, J. Electrochem. Soc.’ 99: 488 (1952). Clean cells made of Teflon.

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  13. J. Barton and J. O’M. Bockris, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A268: 485 (1962). Spherical diffusion control experimentally established.

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  14. E. Schmidt and H. R. Gygax, Chimia 16:105 (1962). The first, but primitive, thin-layer cell.

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  15. C. C. Christensen and F. C. Anson, Anal. Chem. 35: 205 (1963). The first real thin-layer cell.

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  16. H. Angerstein-Kozlowska, in Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, E. Yeager, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and S. Sarangapani, eds., Vol. 9, p. 15, Plenum, New York (1985).

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Reviews

  1. R. Varma and J. R. Selman, Techniques for Electrodes, Wiley, New York (1991).

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  2. D. Genders and N. Weinberg, Electrochemistry for a Cleaner Environment, Electrosynthesis Co., Buffalo, NY (1992).

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  3. B. R. Scharifker, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and R. E. White, eds., Vol. 5, p. 467, Plenum, New York (1992). Microelectrodes.

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  4. R. J. Gale, in Electrochemistry, 1992–95. Royal Society of Chemistry, London (1996). Instrumentation.

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  5. J. Bemhofer, Pract. Spectroscopy 15: 233 (1993). Cells for optical measurements.

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  6. P. A. Christensen and A. Hamnett, Techniques and Mechanisms of Electrochemistry, Blackie Academic and Professional, London (1994).

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  7. R. C. Salvarazza and A. J. Arvia, in Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, B. E. Conway, J. O’M. Bockris and R. E. White, eds., Vol. 28, Ch. 5, Plenum, New York (1996). Roughness measurement.

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  8. M. E. Clark, J. L. Ingram, E. E. Blakely, and W. T. Bowes, J. Electroanal. Chem. 385: 105 (1995). Miniature cells for Tafel measurements.

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  9. Z. Li and X. Lin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 386: 83 (1995). Cells for infrared measurements.

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  10. R. T. Baker, I. S. Metalfe, and P. H. Middleton, J. Catal. 155: 21 (1995). Cells coupled to mass spectrographs.

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  11. Y. Iwasaki and M. Moritz, Curr. Sep. 14: 2 (1995). Arrays of microelectrodes.

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Further Reading Seminal

  1. J. Tafel, Z. Physikal. Chem. 50:641 (1905). First experiment indicating that current density depends on the exponential value of the overpotential.

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  2. F. P. Bowden and E. K. Rideal, Proc. Roy. Soc. London 120A: 59 (1928). First real area measurements, first transients.

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  3. P. Bakendale, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1: 46 (1947). Rational interpretation of meaning of temperature coefficients.

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  4. M. Temkin, Zhur. Fiz. Khim. 15: 296 (1941). Analysis of heats of activation.

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  5. G. J. Hills and D. R. Kinnibrugh, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113:1111 (1960). Rate as a function of pressure.

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  6. Y. R. Ivanov and V. C. Levich, Dokl. Akad. Nauk., SSSR 126: 1029 (1959). First theory, rotating disk with ring.

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  7. A. N. Frumkin and L. N. Nekrassov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk., SSSR 126:115 (1959). First use, rotating disk with ring.

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  8. P. Dolin and B. Erschler, Acta Phys. Chem. 13: 747 (1940). First use, equivalent circuit, in electrode kinetics.

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  9. J. C. B. Randies, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1:11 (1947). A simple derivation of the exchange current density from impedance measurements.

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  10. M. Neugebauer, G. Nauer, N. Brinda-Knopik, and G. Gidaly, J. Electroanal. Chem. 122: 237 (1981). First Fourier transform infrared spectra on electrodes.

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  11. A. K. N. Reddy, M. A. U. Devanathan, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 6: 61 (1963). First use of ellipsometry to follow a dynamic electrode process.

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  12. W. K. Paik and J. O’M. Bockris, Surf. Sci. 18:61 (1971). First exact ellipsometric solutions in one measurement.

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  13. S. G. Christov, Electrochim. Acta 4: 306 (1961). Separation factors analysis in electrode kinetics.

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  14. J. O’M. Bockris, D. G. M. Matthews, and S. Srinivasan, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 39: 329 (1965). Use of quantum theory-derived values of separation factors in mechanism analysis for hydrogen evolution.

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  15. R. Sonnenfeld and P. K. Hansma, Science 232: 211 (1986). First use of STM in electrochemistry.

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  16. M. Szklarczyk and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137: 452 (1990). First STM report of distinguishability of atoms on surface in contact with liquid.

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  17. S. W. Feldburg, in Analytical Chemistry, A. J. Bard, ed., Vol. 3, p. 199; (1969). First application of explicit finite-difference method to electrochemistry.

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  18. M. Szklarczyk, O. Velev, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136: 2433 (1989). First atomic resolution in in situ electrochemistry.

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Papers

  1. Z. Nagy, “D. C. Relaxation Techniques in Electrode Kinetics,” in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. E. White, B. E. Conway, and J. O’M. Bockris, eds., Vol. 21, p. 137, Plenum, New York (1990).

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  2. R. Sonnenfeld, J. Schnei, and P. Hansma, “Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy—A Natural for Electrochemistry,” in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. White, B. E. Conway, and J. O’M. Bockris, eds., Vol. 21, p. 1, Plenum, New York (1990).

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  3. H. D. Abruna, “X-rays as Probes of the Electrochemical Interface,” in ModernAspects of Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, R. E. White, and B. E. Conway, eds., Vol. 20, p. 205, Plenum, New York (1989).

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  4. R. Adzic, “Reaction Kinetics on Single Crystals,” in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. E. White, B. E. Conway, and J. O’M. Bockris, eds., Vol. 21, p. 163, Plenum, New York (1990).

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  5. T. Z. Fahidy and Z. H. Gu, “Dynamics of Electrode Processes,” in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. E. White, J. O’M. Bockris, and B. E. Conway, eds., Vol. 27, p. 383, Plenum, New York (1995).

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  6. D. B. Sepa, “Energies of Activation,” in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and R. E. White, eds., Vol. 29, p. 1, Plenum, New York (1997).

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  7. V. Jovancicevic and J. O’M. Bockris, “Pressure Dependence of Reaction Rate,” Rev. Sci. Inst. 58:1251(1987).

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  8. R. J. Nichols, “IR Spectroscopy at the Solid-Solution Interface,” in Adsorption of Molecules at Metal Electrodes, J. Lipkowski and P. N. Ross, eds., VCH Publishers, Weinheim (1992).

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  9. W. K. Paik, “Ellipsometry in Electrochemistry,” in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and R. E. White, eds., Vol. 25, p. 191, Plenum, New York (1993).

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  10. P. A. Christensen and A. Hamnett, Techniques and Mechanisms in Electrochemistry, in Particular Impedance, pp. 154–168, Blackie, London (1994).

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  11. C. M. A. Brett and A. M. D. Brett, Electrochemistry, pp. 156–189, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1993).

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  12. Techniques for the Characterization of Electrodes and Electrode Processes, R. Varma and J. R. Selman, eds., Wiley, New York (1994).

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  13. Physical Electrochemistry, I. Robinstein, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York (1995).

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  15. W. Plieth, W. Kozlowski, and T. Twomey, “Ellipsometry of Organic Layers,” in Adsorption of Molecules on Metals, J. Lipkowski and P. N. Ross, eds., p. 1, VCH Publishers, Weinheim (1992).

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  16. A. Aramata, “On Single Crystal Techniques in Electrode Kinetics,” in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, R. E. White, and B. E. Conway, eds., Vol. 31, p. 181, Plenum, New York (1997).

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  17. M. Makri, G. C. Vayenas, S. Bebelis, K. H. Besocke, and C. Cavalca, “Atomic Resolution Solution by STM,” Surf. Sci. 369:351 (1996).

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  18. G. Wu and D. Baikey, “Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Cu Deposition in Motion,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 144:2261 (1997).

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  19. K. Chandrasekaran and J. O’M. Bockris, “In Situ Spectroscopic Study of Intermediates in an Electrochemical Reaction,” Surf. Sci. 185:495 (1987).

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  20. A. Szucs, D. Kitchens, and J. O’M. Bockris, “Ellipsometric Study of Di-pyridyl on Au,” Electrochim. Acta 37:403 (1992).

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  21. G. S. Popkirov and S. Ottow, 0147In Situ Impedance Spectroscopy of Electrochemical Si Formation,” J. Electroanal. Chem. 429:47 (1997).

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Further Reading Seminal

  1. R. Parsons, Trans. Faraday Soc. 147: 1332 (1951). General scheme for current-potential relations and mechanism determination.

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  2. E. C. Potter, J. Chem. Phys. 20: 614 (1952). Use of the stoichiometric number.

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  3. K. J. Vetter, Electrochemical Kinetics, Ch. 3, on electrochemical reaction orders, Academic Press, New York (1967).

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Papers

  1. J. O’M. Bockris, J. Chem. Ed. 50: 839 (1973).

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  2. I. Taniguchi, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, R. White, and B. E. Conway, eds., Vol. 20, p. 137, Plenum, New York (1989). Mechanism in the reduction of CO 2

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  3. L. M. Vracar and D. M. Drazic, J. Electroanal. Chem. 265: 171 (1989). More knowledge from current potential curves.

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  4. P. Nowak and W. Vielstich, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137: 1036 (1990). Polymerization reactions.

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  5. A. Zagiel, P. Natashan, and E. Gileadi, Electrochim. Acta 35: 1019 (1990). Complex mechanisms.

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  6. T. Z. Fahidy and Z. H. Gu, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. E. White, B. E. Conway, and J. O’M. Bockris, eds., Vol. 27, p. 383, Plenum, New York (1995). Dynamics of electrode processes.

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  7. M. M. Scherer, J. C. Westall, M. Ziomek-Moroz, and P. G. Tratnyek, Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 2385 (1997). Kinetics of carbon tetrachloride reduction.

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  8. T. Frelink, W. Visscher, A. P. Cox, and J. A. R. van Veen, Ber. Gunsenges Phys. Chem. 100:599 (1996). The role of surface oxides.

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  9. R. Adzic, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. E. White, B. E. Conway, and J. O’M. Bockris, eds., Vol. 21, p. 163, Plenum, New York (1990). Reaction kinetics on metal single-crystal electrode surfaces.

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Further Reading Seminal

  1. A. N. Frumkin, Z. Physik. 35: 792 (1926).

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  2. M. Temkin, Acta Physicachim. URSS, 12: 327 (1940).

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  3. E. Gileadi and B. E. Conway, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, and B. E. Conway, eds., Vol. 3, p. 347, Plenum, New York (1964).

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Modern

  1. C. M. A. Brett and A. M. O. Brett, Electrochemistry, p. 55, Oxford Science Publications, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1993).

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  2. F. A. Christensen and A. Hamnett, Techniques and Mechanism in Electrochemistry, p. 10, Blackie, London (1993).

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  3. E. Gileadi, Electrode Kinetics for Chemists, Engineers and Materials Scientists, pp. 266–271, VCH Publishers, Weinheim (1993).

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  4. C. Hamann, A. Hamnett, and W. Vielstich, Electrochemistry, VCH Publishers, Weinheim (1998) (particularly Chapter 6).

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Further Reading Seminal

  1. A. Damjanovic, T. H. V. Setty, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113: 429 (1960).

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  2. H. Seither, H. Fischer, and L. Albert, Electrochim. Acta 2: 97 (1960).

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  3. R. Piontelli, G. Poli, and G. Serrevalle, in Transactions of the Symposium on Electrode Processes, E. Yeager, ed., p. 245, Wiley, New York (1961).

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Modern

  1. J. Clavillier, R. Faure, G. Guinet, and R. Durand, J. Electroanal. Chem. 107: 205 (1980).

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  2. A. Hamlin, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. E. White, B. E. Conway, and J. O’M. Bockris, eds., Vol. 16, p. 1, Plenum, New York (1985).

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  3. K. Adzic, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. E. White, B. E. Conway, and J. O’M. Bockris, eds., Vol. 21, p. 188, Plenum, New York (1990).

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  4. H. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P. N. Ross, and C. J. Cairns, J. Phys. Chem. 97: 12020 (1993).

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  5. H. A. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P. N. Ross, and C. J. Cairns, J. Electrochem. Soc. 141: 1795 (1994).

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  6. T. Fukudu and A. Aramato, Electrochem. Soc. Proc. 96–8:96 (1996).

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  7. H. You, Z. Nagy, D. J. Zurowski, and R. P. Chierello, Electrochem. Soc. Proc. 96–8: 136 (1996).

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  8. C. Stuhlmann, B. Wohlmann, M. Kruft, and K. Wandelt, Electrochem. Soc. Proc. 96–8:203 (1996).

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Further Reading Seminal

  1. A. E. Fick, Pogg. Ann. 94: 59 (1855). The first paper relating current density to diffusion.

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  2. H. J. S. Sand, Phil. Mag. 1: 45 (1900). The transition time at constant current, diffusion control.

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  3. F. C. Cottrell, Z. Physikal. Chem. (Leipzig) 42: 358 (1903). Time dependence of current under diffusion control at constant potential.

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  4. T. R. Rosebrugh and W. L. Miller, J. Phys. Chem. 14: 816 (1910). Generalization of current as a function of time—particularly under periodic function of time.

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  5. D. Ilkovic, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm. 6: 495 (1934).

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  6. V. G. Levich, Acta Physicochem. URSS 17: 252 (1942). Early paper in applying hydrodynamic theory to electrochemistry.

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  7. J. N. Agar, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1:26 (1947). First paper on dimensional analysis applied to electrochemical equations.

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  8. C. Wagner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 95: 161 (1949). Calculation of current at vertical electrodes with natural convection.

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  9. C. R. Wilke, M. Eisenberg, and C. W. Tobias, J. Electrochem. Soc. 100: 513 (1953). Hydrodynamic factors and the limiting current.

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  10. W. Vielstich, Z. Elektrochemie 57: 646 (1953). Diffusion layer related to hydrodynamic boundary layer.

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  11. V. G. Levich, Physicochemical Hydrodynamics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1962). The classic text in the field.

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Modern

  1. P. Delahay, New Instrumental Methods in Electrochemistry, Interscience, New York (1952). Contains much seminal work showing the evolution away from the pure diffusion control and the introduction of “activation” overpotential, i.e., interfacial control.

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  2. A. C. Riddiford, “Rotating Disc Systems,” in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, P. Delahay and C. W. Tobias, eds., Vol. IV, Ch. 2, Interscience, New York (1966).

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  3. N. Ibl, “Fundamentals of Transport,” in Comprehensive Treatise in Electrochemistry, E. Yeager, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and S. Sarangapani, eds., Vol. 6, p. 133, Plenum, New York (1987).

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  4. C. M. Brett and A. M. A. Brett, Electrochemistry, Ch. 8 (hydrodynamics), Oxford University Press, Oxford (1993).

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  5. Keith R. Oldham and Jan C. Myland, Fundamentals of Electrochemical Science, Ch. 7, (transport), Academic Press, San Diego (1994).

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  6. A. Bard and B. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, 2nd ed., Interscience, New York (1998). A classic text oriented to transport and its role in electroanalytical chemistry.

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Further Reading Seminal

  1. R. Parsons, Trans. Faraday Soc. 47: 1332 (1951). General scheme for mechanism determination.

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  2. M. C. Davies, M. Clark, E. Yeager, and F. Hovorka, J. Electrochem. Soc. 106: 56 (1959). Mechanism of H 2 O 2 formation.

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  3. V. S. Bagotskii and Y. B. Vasiliev, Electrochim. Acta 12: 1323 (1967). Mechanism of methanol oxidation.

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  4. S. Gilmore, J. Phys. Chem. 67: 78 (1963). Mechanism of CO oxidation.

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  5. A. T. Kühn, H. Wroblowa, and J. O’M. Bockris, Trans. Faraday Soc. 63: 1458 (1967). Mechanics of the oxidation of ethylene.

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  6. E. Gileadi and L. Duic, Electrochim. Acta 13: 1915 (1968). Mechanism of the oxidation of benzene.

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Modern

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(2002). Electrodics. In: Modern Electrochemistry 2A. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47605-3_2

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