Abstract
Social control can be exerted in many ways, from the raising of an eyebrow to the murder of someone in a self-help “moralistic killing” (Black, 1999) to right some perceived wrong that has been visited on a person, their family, or clan. Donald (Donald Black, 1976, Donald Black, 1999), building on the earlier work of Durkheim and of Weber even as he criticizes them, offers four major types of social control (Black, 1999, pp. 6–9), including penal, compensatory, therapeutic, and conciliatory, with the end goal of each being, respectively, punishment, restitution, treatment, and dispute resolution. These types of social control, all of which may involve applications of formal law, will be referred to herein, to characterize various approaches to exerting social control over religion and religious groups.
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Richardson, J.T. (2006). Law. In: Ebaugh, H.R. (eds) Handbook of Religion and Social Institutions. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23789-5_11
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