Skip to main content

Terminology of Gonadal Anomalies in Fish and Amphibians Resulting from Chemical Exposures

  • Chapter
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allen Y, Matthiessen P, Scott AP, Haworth S, Feist S, Thain JE (1999) The extent of oestrogenic contamination in the UK estuarine and marine environments: further surveys of flounder. Sci Total Environ 233:5–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ankley G, Mihaich E, Stahl R, Tillitt D, Colborn T, McMaster S, Miller R, Bantle J, Campbell P, Denslow N, Dickerson R, Folmar L, Fry M, Giesy JP, Gray LE, Guiney P, Hutchinson T, Kennedy S, Kramer V, LeBlanc G, Mayes M, Nimrod A, Patino R, Peterson R, Purdy R, Ringer R, Thomas P, Touart L, Van Der Kraak G, Zachrewski T (1998) Overview of a workshop on screening methods for detecting potential (anti-) estrogenic/androgenic chemicals in wildlife. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:68–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blazer VS (2002) Histopathological assessment of gonadal tissue in wild fishes. Fish Physiol Biochem 26:85–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bögi C, Schwaiger J, Ferling H, Mallow U, Steineck C, Sinowatz F, Kalbfus W, Negele RD, Lutz I, Kloas W (2003) Endocrine effects of environmental pollution on Xenopus laevis and Rana temporaria. Environ Res 93:195–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr JA, Gentles A, Smith EE, Goleman WL, Urquidi LJ, Thuett K, Kendall RJ, Giesy JP, Gross TS, Solomon KR, Van Der Kraak G (2003) Response of larval Xenopus laevis to atrazine: assessment of gonadal and laryngeal morphology. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:396–405.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CY, Witschi E (1956) Genic control and hormonal reversal of sex differentiation in Xenopus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 93:140–144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng T-H (1929) Intersexuality in Rana cantabrigensis. J Morphol Physiol 48:354–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen K (1929) Hermaphroditism in Rana pipiens. Anat Rec 43:345–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clemens WA (1921) A case of complete hermaphroditism in a bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Anat Rec 22:179–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coady KK, Murphy MB, Villeneuve DL, Hecker M, Jones PD, Carr JA, Solomon KR, Smith EE, Van Der Kraak G, Kendall RJ, Giesy JP (2004) Effects of atrazine on metamorphosis, growth, and gonadal development in the green frog (Rana clamitans). J Toxicol Environ Health A 67:941–957.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coady KK, Murphy MB, Villeneuve DL, Hecker M, Carr JA, Solomon KR, Smith EE, Van Der Kraak G, Kendall RJ, Giesy JP (2005) Effects of atrazine on metamorphosis, growth, and gonadal and laryngeal development in Xenopus laevis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 62: doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.10.010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cody RP, Bortone SA (1997) Maculinization of mosquitofish as an indicator of exposure to kraft mill effluent. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 58:429–436.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crew FAE (1921) Sex-reversal in frogs and toads. A review of the recorded cases of abnormality of the reproductive system and an account of a breeding experiment. J Genet 11:141–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crain DA, Spiteri ID, Guillette LJ Jr (1999) The functional and structural observations of the neonatal reproductive system of alligators exposed in ovo to atrazine, 2,4-D, or estradiol. Toxicol Ind Health 15:180–185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devlin RH, Nagahama Y (2002) Sex determination and sex differentiation in fish: an overview of genetic, physiological, and environmental influences. Aquaculture 208:191–364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumont JN (1972) Oogenesis in Xenopus laevis (Daudin). I. Stages of oocyte development in laboratory maintained animals. J Morphol 136:153–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du Preez LH, Jansen van Rensburg PJ, Joostea AM, Carr JA, Giesy JP, Gross TS, Kendall RJ, Smith EE, Van Der Kraak G, Solomon KR (2005) Seasonal exposures to triazine and other pesticides in surface waters in the western Highveld corn-production region in South Africa. Environ Pollut 135:131–141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eggert B (1929) Der Hermaphroditismus der Tiere. 1. Beitrag zur Intersexualitaet der der Anuren. Zeit Wissen Zool 133:562–585.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans TC (1931) Sex reversal in Rana pipiens. Anat Rec 48:47–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foote CL, Witschi E (1939) Effect of sex hormones on the gonads of frog larvae (Rana clamitans): Sex inversion in females; stability in males. Anat Rec 75:75–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallien L (1974) Intersexuality. In: Loft B (ed) Physiology of the Amphibia, vol 2. Academic Press, New York, pp 523–549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamapurohit NP, Shanbhag BA, Saidapur SK (2000) Pattern of gonadal sex differentiation, development, and onset of steroidogenesis in the frog, Rana curtipes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 119:256–264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Getsfrid W, Thiyagarajah A, Hartley WR (2004) Ovotestis in a Japanese medaka. J Aquat Anim Health 16:164–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gimeno S, Komen H, Gerritsen AGM, Bowmer T (1998a) Feminization of young males of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, exposed to 4-tert-pentylphenol during sexual differentiation. Aquat Toxicol 43:77–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gimeno S, Komen H, Jobling S, Sumpter J, Bowmer T (1998b) Demasculinization of sexually mature male common carp, Cyprinus carpio, exposed to 4-tertpentylphenol during spermatogenesis. Aquat Toxicol 43:93–109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harries JE, Janbakshs A, Jobling S, Matthiessen P, Sumpter JP, Tyler CR (1999) Estrogenic potency of effluent from two sewage treatment works in the United Kingdom. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:932–937.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes TB (2004) There is no denying this: defusing the confusion about atrazine. BioScience 54:1138–1149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes TB, Collins A, Lee M, Mendoza M, Noriega N, Stuart AA, Vonk A (2002) Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:5476–5480.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes TB, Haston K, Tsui M, Hoang A, Haeffele C, Vonk A (2003) Atrazine-induced hermaphroditism at 0.1 ppb in American leopard frogs (Rana pipens): laboratory and field evidence. Environ Health Perspect 111:568–575.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hecker M, Tyler CR, Hoffmann M, Maddix S, Karbe L (2002) Plasma biomarkers in fish provide evidence for endocrine modulation in the Elbe River, Germany. Environ Sci Technol 36:2311–2321.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hecker M, Coady KK, Villeneuve DL, Murphy MB, Jones PD, Giesy JP (2003) Response of Xenopus Laevis to atrazine exposure: Assessment of the mechanism of action of atrazine MSU-04. ECORISK, Greensboro, NC, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hecker M, Giesy JP, Jones PD, Jooste AM, Carr JA, Solomon KR, Smith EE, Van der Kraak G, Kendall RJ, Du Preez L (2004) Plasma sex steroid concentrations and gonadal aromatase activities in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) from South Africa. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:1996–2007.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann M (2005) Sexual differentiation and gonadal development of male and female bream (Abramis brama [L.]) of the Elbe river: Natural variability or evidence of endocrine modulation. Reports of the Center for Marine and Atmospheric Science, Series E. University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu CY, Liang HM (1971) Sex races of Rana catesbeiana in Taiwan. Herpetologica 26:214–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jobling S, Nolan M, Tyler CR, Brighty G, Sumpter JP (1998) Widespread sexual disruption in wild fish. Environ Sci Technol 32:2498–2506.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jooste AM, Du Preez LH, Carr JA, Giesy JP, Gross TS, Kendall RJ, Smith EE, Van Der Kraak GL, Solomon KR (2005) Gonadal responses of Xenopus laevis larvae exposed to atrazine in microcosms. Environ Toxicol Chem 39:5255–5261.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang IJ, Yokota H, Oshima Y, Tsuruda Y, Hano T, Maeda M, Imada N, Tadokoro H, Honjo T (2003) Effects of 4-nonylphenol on reproduction of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Environ Toxicol Chem 22:2438–2445.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kavlock RT, Daston GP, De Rosa C, Fenner-Crisp P, Gray LE, Kaattari S, Lucier G, Luster M, Mac MJ, Maczka C, Miller R, Moore J, Rolland R, Scott G, Sheehan DM, Sinks T, Tilson HA (1996) Research needs for the risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disruptors: a report of the US EPA sponsored workshop. Environ Health Perspect 104:715–740.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kinnberg K, Toft G (2003) Effects of estrogenic and antiandrogenic compounds on the testis structure of the adult guppy (Poecilia reticulate). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 54:16–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kloas W, Lutz I, Einspanier R (1999) Amphibians as a model to study endocrine disruptors: II. Estrogenic activity of environmental chemicals in vitro and in vivo. Sci Total Environ 225:59–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laenge R, Hutchinson TH, Croudace CP, Siegmund F, Schweinfurth H, Hampe P, Panter GH, Sumpter JP (2001) Effects of synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol on the life-cycle of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1216–1227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee PA (1969) Histology of the oviduct of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Anat Rec 165:493–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leino RL, Jensen KM, Ankley GT (2004) Gonadal histology and characteristic histopathology associated with endocrine disruption in the adult fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 19:85–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy G, Lutz I, Krueger A, Kloas W (2004) Bisphenol A induces feminization in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Environ Res 94:102–111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd JH (1929) Hermaphroditism in the common frog (Rana temporaria). Am Nat 63:130–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie CA, Berril M, Metcalfe C, Pauli PD (2003) Gonadal differentiation in frogs exposed to estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:2466–2475.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshek WJ, Kraychy S, Muir RD (1972) Microbial degradation of sterols. Micobiol 23:72–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthiessen P, Allen Y, Bamber S, Craft J, Hurst M, Hutchinson T, Feist S, Katsiadaki I, Kirby M, Robinson C, Scott S, Thain J, Thomas K (2002) The impact of oestrogenic and androgenic contamination on marine organisms in the United Kingdom: summary of the EDMAR programme. Mar Environ Res 54:645–649.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer LP, Dyer CA, Propper CR (2003) Exposure to 4-tert-octylphenol accelerates sexual differentiation and disrupts expression of steroidogenic factor 1 in developing bullfrogs. Environ Health Perspect 111:557–561.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe TL, Metcalfe CD, Kiparissis Y, Niimi AJ, Foran CM, Benson WH (2000) Gonadal development and endrocrine responses in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to o,p’-DDT in water or through maternal transfer. Environ Toxicol Chem 19:1893–1900.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe CD, Metcalfe TL, Kiparissis Y, Koenig BG, Khan C, Hughes RJ, Croley TR, March RE, Potter T (2001) Estrogenic potency of chemicals detected in sewage treatment plant effluents as determined by in vivo assays with Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Environ Toxical Chem 20:297–308.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikaelian I, de Lafontaine Y, Harshbarger JC, Lee LLJ, Martineau D (2002) Health of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) with elevated tissue levels of environmental contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 21:532–541.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miles-Richardson SR, Kramer VJ, Fitzgerald SD, Render JA, Yamini B, Barbee SJ, Giesy JP (1999a) Effects of waterborne exposure to 17 β-estradiol on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Aquat Toxicol 47:129–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miles-Richardson SR, Pierens SL, Nichols KM, Kramer VJ, Snyder EM, Snyder SA, Render JA, Fitzgerald SD, Giesy JP (1999b) Effects of waterborne exposure to 4-nonylphenol on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Environ Res Sect A 80:S122–S137.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minier C, Caltot F, Leboulanger F, Hill EM (2000) An investigation of the incidence of intersex fish in Seine-Maritime and Sussex regions. Analysis 28:801–806.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyata S, Kubo T (2000) In vitro effects of estradiol and aromatase inhibitor treatment on sex differentiation in Xenopus laevis gonads. Gen Comp Endocrinol 119:105–110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyata S, Koike S, Kubo T (1999) Hormonal reversal and the genetic control of sex differentiation in Xenopus. Zool Sci 16:335–340.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy MB, Hecker M, Coady KK, Tompsett AR, Jones PD, DuPreez LH, Everson GJ, Solomon KR, Carr JA, Smith EE, Kendall RJ, van der Kraak G, Giesy JP (2005) Atrazine concentrations, gonadal gross morphology and histology in ranid frogs collected in Michigan agricultural areas. Aquat Toxicol (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neal HV (1924) A case of unilateral or true gynandromorphism in a leopard frog. Anat Rec 29:113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pancak-Roessler MK, Norris DO (1991) The effects of orchidectomy and gonadotropins on steroidogenesis and oogenesis in Bidder’s organs of the toad Bufo woodhousii. J Exp Zool 260:323–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papoulias DM, Villalobos SA, Meadows J, Noltie DB, Giesy JP, Tillit DE (2003) In ovo exposure to o,p’-DDE affects sexual development but not sexual differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Environ Health Perspect 111:29–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickford DB, Morris ID (2003) Inhibition of gonadotropin-induced oviposition and ovarian steroidogenesis in the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) by the pesticide methoxychlor. Aquat Toxicol 62:79–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickford DB, Hetheridge MJ, Caunter JE, Hall AT, Hutchinson TH (2003) Assessing chronic toxicity of bisphenol A to larvae of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) in a flow-through exposure system. Chemosphere 53:223–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piferrer F, Donaldson EM (1992) The comparative effectiveness of the natural and a synthetic estrogen for the direct feminization of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha). Aquaculture 106:183–193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purdom CE, Hardiman PA, Bye VJ, Eno NC, Tyler CR, Sumpter JP (1994) Estrogenic effects of effluents from sewage treatment works. Chem Ecol 8:275–285.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin Z-F, Zhou J-M, Chu S-G, Xu X-B (2003) Effects of Chinese domestic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on gonadal differentiation in Xenopus laevis. Environ Health Perspect 111:553–556.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reeder AL, Foley GL, Nichols DK, Hansen LG, Wikoff B, Faeh S, Eisold J, Wheeler MB, Warner R, Murphy JE, Beasley VR (1998) Forms and prevalence of intersexuality and effects of environmental contaminants on sexuality in cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). Environ Health Perspect 106:261–266.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seki M, Yokota H, Matsubara H, Tsuruda Y, Maeda M, Tadokoro H, Kobayashi K (2002) Effect of ethinylestradiol on the reproduction and induction of vitellogenin and testis-ova in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Environ Toxicol Chem 21:1692–1698.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Main KM (2001) Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Hum Reprod 5:972–978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith EE, Du Preez L, Solomon KR (2003) Gonadal and laryngeal responses to field exposure of Xenopus laevis to atrazine in areas of corn production in South Africa. SA-OIC ECORISK, Greensboro, NC, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith EE, Du Preez LH, Gentles A, Solomon KR, Tandler B, Carr JA, Van Der Kraak GL, Kendall RJ, Giesy JP, Gross T (2005) Assessment of laryngeal muscle and testicular cell types in Xenopus laevis (Anura Pipidae) inhabiting maize and non-maize growing areas of South Africa. Afr J Herpetol 54:69–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumner FB (1894) Hermaphroditism in Rana virescens. Anat Anz 9:694–695.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumpter JP, Johnson AC (2005) Lessions from endocrine disruption and their application to other issues concerning trace organics in the aquatic environment. Environ Sci Technol 39:4321–4332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sumpter JP, Jobling S, Tyler CR (1996) Oestrogenic substances in the aquatic environment and their potential impact on animals, particulary fish. In: Taylor EW (ed) Toxicology of Aquatic Pollution. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 205–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Aerle R, Nolan M, Jobling S, Christiansen LB, Sumpter JP, Tyler CR (2001) Sexual disruption in a second species of wild cyprinid fish (the gudgeon, Gobio gobio) in United Kingdom freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:2841–2847.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Tienhoven A (1983) Reproductive Physiology of Vertebrates, 2nd Ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vethaak DA, Lahr J, Kuiper RV, Grinwis GCM, Rouhani Rankouhid T, Giesy JP, Gerritsen A (2002) Estrogenic effects in fish in The Netherlands: some preliminary results. Toxicology 181–182:147–150.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villalpando I, Merchant-Larios H (1990) Determination of the sensitive stages for gonadal sex-reversal in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Int J Dev Biol 34:281–285.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber LP, Kiparissis Y, Hwang GS, Niimi AJ, Janz DM, Metcalfe CD (2002) Increased cellular apoptosis after chronic exposure to nonylphenol and quercetin in adult medaka (Oryzias latipes). Comp Biochem Physiol C 131:51–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitman-Elia JF, Queenan JT (2002) Ovotestis. eMedicine, http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1702.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2002) Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors (Damstra T, Barlow S, Bergman A, Kavlock R, Van Der Kraak G, eds). WHO/PCS/EDC/02.2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witschi E (1921) Development of gonads and transformation of sex in the frog. Am Nat 55:529–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yokota H, Tsuruda Y, Maeda M, Oshima Y, Tadokoro H, Nakazono A, Honjo T, Kobayashi K (2000) Effect of bisphenol A on the early life stage in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Environ Toxicol Chem 19:1925–1930.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hecker, M. et al. (2006). Terminology of Gonadal Anomalies in Fish and Amphibians Resulting from Chemical Exposures. In: Ware, G.W., et al. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 187. Springer, New York, NY . https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32885-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics