Water and Energy

Abstract

Water and energy are connected in the brewery: energy is almost entirely used to heat, cool or evaporate water of aqueous systems, and the high specific heat of water assures that much energy is required for this. Both commodities have become increasingly expensive over the years, and in most recent times energy especially so. Conservation of energy and water and control of pollution have become watchwords of modern brewing. Most breweries use 4 to 6 hectoliters of water per hectoliter of beer produced, but some use much more, especially small breweries.