Abstract
Many anthropogenic pollutants emitted to the atmosphere can be transported over large distances and affect ecosystems and human health thousands of kilometres from their source. In recent years, concern has grown over the increased contamination of remote areas, particularly the Arctic and mountain regions, and the unprecedented levels of pollutants observed in areas previously considered to be pristine. Atmospheric transport is one of the most efficient and rapid means by which toxic pollutants, including trace metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), can be transferred to remote areas. Understanding the pathways and mechanisms from source to sink is thus vitally important. Atmospheric transport models predict that sources of pollutants to remote areas are widespread and diverse, such that there are contributions from “local” and regional sources, as well as transboundary and even global inputs (e.g. Hanisch 1998).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baker, S. I. (2001). Trace and major elements in the atmosphere at rural locations in the UK: Summary of data for 1999. National Environment Technology Centre Report AEAT/R/ENV/0264.
Battarbee, R. W. (1990). The causes of lake acidification, with special reference to the role of acid deposition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B327, 339–347.
Boyle, J. F., Rose, N. L., Appleby, R G., and Birks, H. J. B. (2003). Recent environmental change and human impact on Svalbard: The lake-sediment geochemical record. Journal of Paleolimnology (in press).
Fernández, P., Vilanova, R. M., Martinez, C., Appleby, P. G., and Grimait, J. O. (2000). The historical record of atmospheric pyrolytic pollution over Europe registered in the sedimentary PAH from remote mountain lakes. Environmental Science and Technology 34, 1906–1913.
Fernández, P., Rose, N. L., Vilanova, R. M., and Grimait, J. O. (2002). Spatial and temporal comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and spheroidal carbonaceous particles in remote European lakes. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus 2, 261–274.
Freeman, C., Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Reynolds, B., and Fenner, N. (2001). Export of organic carbon from peat soils. Nature 412, 785.
Gao, J. P., Maguhn, J., Spitzauer, P., and Kettrup, A. (1998). Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in pore water and sediment of a small aquatic ecosystem. International journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 69, 227–242.
Grimait, J. O., Fernández, P., Berdie, L., Vilanova, R. M., Catalan, J., Psenner, R., Hofer, R., Appleby, P. G., Rosseland, B. O., Lien, L., Massabuau, J. C., and Battarbee, R. W. (2001). Selective trapping of organochlorine compounds in mountain lakes of temperate areas. Environmental Science and Technology 35, 2690–2697.
Hanisch, C. (1998). Where is the mercury coming from? Environmental Science and Technology 32, 176A–179A.
Krabbenhoft, D. P., Olson, M. L., Dewild, J. F., Clow, D. W., Striegl, R. G., Dornblaser, M. M., and Vanmetre, P. (2002). Mercury loading and methylmercury production and cycling in high-altitude lakes from the western United States. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus 2, 233–249.
Renberg, I., Bindler, R., and Brännvall, M.-L. (2001). Using the historical atmospheric lead-deposition record as a chronological marker in sediment deposits in Europe. The Holocene 11, 511–516.
Rognerud, S., Skotvold, T., Fjeld, E., Norton, S. A., and Hobaek, A. (1998). Concentrations of trace elements in recent and pre-industrial sediments from Norwegian and Russian Arctic lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, 1512–1523.
Rognerud, S., Grimait, J. O., Rosseland, B. O., Fernández, P., Hofer, R., Lackner, B., Lauritzen, B., Lien, L., Massabuau, J. C., and Ribes, A. (2002). Mercury and organochlorine contamination in Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) and Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from high mountain lakes in Europe and the Svalbard Archipelago. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus 2, 209–232.
Rose, N. L. (2001). Fly-ash particles. In “Tracking environmental change using lake sediments: Volume 2. Physical and Chemical Techniques.” (W. M. Last, and J. P. Smol, Eds.), pp. 319–349. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Rose, N. L., and Yang, H. (2002). Trace metal monitoring in the Lochnagar ecosystem. In “Proceedings from the Workshop on Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in surface waters.” (B. L. Skjelkvåle, and M. Ulstein, Eds.) Lillehammer, March 2002. ICP Waters Report 67/2002.
Rose, N. L., Harlock, S., and Appleby, P. G. (1999). The spatial and temporal distributions of spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles (SCP) in the sediment records of European mountain lakes. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 113, 1–32.
Rose, N. L., Backus, S., Karlsson, H., and Muir, D. C. G. (2001). An historical record of toxaphene and its congeners in a remote lake in western Europe. Environmental Science and Technology 35, 1312–1319.
Rose, N. L., Shilland, E., Yang, H., Berg, T., Carnerero, L., Harriman, R., Koinig, K., Lien, L., Nickus, U., Stuchlik, E., Thies, H., and Ventura, M. (2002). Deposition and storage of spheroidal carbonaceous flyash particles in European mountain lake sediments and catchment soils. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus 2, 251–260.
Schindler, D. W., Kidd, K. A., Muir, D. C. G., and Lockhart, W. L. (1995). The effects of ecosystem characteristics on contaminant distribution in northern freshwater lakes. Science of the Total Environment 160/161, 1–17.
Skjelkvåle, B.-L., and Ulstein, M., Eds. (2002). “Proceedings from the Workshop on Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in Surface Waters.” Lillehammer, March 2002. ICP Waters Report 67/2002.
Wania, F., and Mackay, D. (1996). Tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants. Environmental Science and Technology 30, 390A–396A.
Winch, S., Ridal, J., and Lean, D. (2002). Increased metal bioavailability following alteration of freshwater dissolved organic carbon by ultraviolet B radiation exposure. Environmental Toxicology 17, 261–214.
Yang, H., Rose, N. L., Battarbee, R. W., and Boyle J. F. (2002). Mercury and lead budgets for Lochnagar, a Scottish mountain lake and its catchment. Environmental Science and Technology 36, 1383–1388.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rose, N.L., Yang, H., Fernández, P., Grimait, J.O. (2005). Trace Metals, Fly-ash Particles and Persistent Organic Pollutants in European Remote Mountain Lakes. In: Huber, U.M., Bugmann, H.K.M., Reasoner, M.A. (eds) Global Change and Mountain Regions. Advances in Global Change Research, vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3508-X_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3508-X_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-3507-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-3508-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)