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Abnormal Barrier Function in Gastrointestinal Disorders

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Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 239))

Abstract

There is increasing concern in identifying the mechanisms underlying the intimate control of the intestinal barrier, as deregulation of its function is strongly associated with digestive (organic and functional) and a number of non-digestive (schizophrenia, diabetes, sepsis, among others) disorders. The intestinal barrier is a complex and effective defensive functional system that operates to limit luminal antigen access to the internal milieu while maintaining nutrient and electrolyte absorption. Intestinal permeability to substances is mainly determined by the physicochemical properties of the barrier, with the epithelium, mucosal immunity, and neural activity playing a major role. In functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), the absence of structural or biochemical abnormalities that explain chronic symptoms is probably close to its end, as recent research is providing evidence of structural gut alterations, at least in certain subsets, mainly in functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). These alterations are associated with increased permeability, which seems to reflect mucosal inflammation and neural activation. The participation of each anatomical and functional component of barrier function in homeostasis and intestinal dysfunction is described, with a special focus on FGIDs.

All authors contributed equally to the preparation and edition of the manuscript.

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Author notes

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

      Ricard Farré

    2. Laboratory of Translational Mucosal Immunology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Paseo Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain

      María Vicario

    3. Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Paseo Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain

      María Vicario

    4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain

      Ricard Farré & María Vicario

    Authors
    1. Ricard Farré
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    2. María Vicario
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    Correspondence to María Vicario .

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    1. Health Sciences Center, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA

      Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld

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    Funding

    Supported in part by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: CP10/00502 and PI13/00935 (MV), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (RF, MV).

    Conflict of Interest

    The authors disclose no conflicts of interest and no financial arrangements with any company whose product figures in the submitted manuscript.

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    Farré, R., Vicario, M. (2016). Abnormal Barrier Function in Gastrointestinal Disorders. In: Greenwood-Van Meerveld, B. (eds) Gastrointestinal Pharmacology . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 239. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2016_107

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