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Dynamic MRI of Respiratory Mechanics and Pulmonary Motion

  • Chapter
MRI of the Lung

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Insights into the global and local pathophysiology of respiratory motion, e.g., in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), are increasingly appreciated in clinical imaging and research. Dynamic MRI accelerated by parallel imaging and echo sharing reaches temporal resolutions of up to ten images per second in single plane acquisitions or one volume per second in time-resolved 3D imaging. Recently developed, externally, navigator- or self-navigated sequences allow for oversampling of image data during free breathing and retrospective reconstruction of high resolution data sets for different phases of the respiratory cycle. Dynamic MRI allows for repeated and prolonged measurements without radiation exposure to analyze respiratory motion of the lung, the diaphragm, and the chest wall in healthy subjects as well as patients. The analysis of respiratory motion has direct clinical impact for adaptive radiotherapy of moving organs like the lung or the liver. This has motivated the development of dynamic volume lung imaging with computed tomography (4D-CT) or MRI (4D-MRI). Both, 4D-CT and 4D-MRI, are principally capable of capturing respiratory motion. Additional morpho-functional imaging capacities of MRI and the radiation exposure involved with 4D-CT give good reasons to prefer dynamic MRI for this purpose. Near-isotropic imaging can be used to assess general and local respiratory mechanics of the lung as well as tumor displacement for adaptive radiotherapy. Dedicated systems with integrated MRI into the radiotherapy equipment are under development or already being installed. Beyond applications for radiation therapy, recent work has shown that 4D-MRI can be used to analyze regional lung ventilation without hyperpolarized gases or oxygen enhancement. This could be a valuable adjunct to classical spirometry giving deeper insights into local lung ventilation in healthy subjects and in patients opening the perspective for a broad spectrum of clinical applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Jürgen Biederer M.D.

  2. Radiologie Darmstadt, Gross-Gerau County Hospital, Gross-Gerau, Germany

    Jürgen Biederer M.D.

  3. German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany

    Jürgen Biederer M.D.

  4. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Monika Eichinger M.D.

  5. German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany

    Monika Eichinger M.D.

  6. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Monika Eichinger M.D.

  7. Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany

    Julien Dinkel M.D.

  8. German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Munich, Germany

    Julien Dinkel M.D.

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  1. Jürgen Biederer M.D.
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  2. Monika Eichinger M.D.
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  3. Julien Dinkel M.D.
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Correspondence to Jürgen Biederer M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Hans-Ulrich Kauczor  & Mark Oliver Wielpütz  & 

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Biederer, J., Eichinger, M., Dinkel, J. (2017). Dynamic MRI of Respiratory Mechanics and Pulmonary Motion. In: Kauczor, HU., Wielpütz, M.O. (eds) MRI of the Lung. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2017_100

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2017_100

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42616-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42617-4

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