Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Birch Sapling Responses to Severity and Timing of Domestic Herbivore Browsing — Implications for Management

  • Chapter
Plant Ecology, Herbivory, and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 180))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aradóttir Á, Arnalds Ó (2001) Ecosystem degradation and restoration of birch woodlands in Iceland. In: Wielgolaski FE (ed) Nordic mountain birch ecosystems. UNESCO, Paris and Parthenon, New York,pp 293–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnalds A (1988) Vegetation conservation (in Icelandic). Græ∂um Ísland 1:209–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson MD (1992) Biological Flora of the British Isles: Betula pendula Roth (B. verrucosa Ehrh.) and B. pubescens Ehrh. J Ecol 80:837–870

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont D, Dugan D, Evans G, Taylor S (1994) Deer management and tree regeneration in the RSPB reserve at Abernethy forest. In: Aldous CP (ed) Our pinewood heritage. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, pp 186–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant JP, Reichardt PB, Clausen TP (1992) Chemically mediated interactions between woody plants and browsing mammals. J Range Manage 45:18–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Danell K, Bergstrom R (1989) Winter browsing by moose on two birch species: impact on food resources. Oikos 54:11–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Danell K, Niemelä P, Varvikko T, Vuorisalo T (1991) Moose browsing on Scots pine along a gradient of plant productivity. Ecology 72:1624–1633

    Google Scholar 

  • Danell K, Haukioja E, Huss-Danell K (1997) Morphological and chemical responses of mountain birch leaves and shoots to winter browsing along a gradient of plant productivity. Ecoscience 4:296–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis LS, Barrett RH (1992) Spatial integration of wildlife habitat analysis with longterm forest planning over multiple-owner landscapes. In: Le Master DC, Sedjo RA, Balestreri SA (eds) Modelling sustainable forest ecosystems. Washington State University Press, Pullman,Washington, pp 143–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredskild B, Ødum S (1990) The Greenland mountain birch zone, an introduction. The Greenland mountain birch zone, southwest Greenland. Meddr Grønland, Bioscience 33:3–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert D, Horsefield D, Thompson DBA (1997) The ecology and restoration of montane and subalpine scrub habitats in Scotland. Scottish natural heritage review 83. Scottish Natural Heritage, Battleby

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill RMA (1992a) A review of damage by mammals on north temperate forests: 1. Deer. Forestry 65:145–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill RMA (1992b) A review of damage by mammals on north temperate forests: 3. Impact on trees and forests. Forestry 65:363–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Helle T (2001) Mountain birch forests and reindeer husbandry. In: Wielgolaski FE (ed) Nordic mountain birch ecosystems. UNESCO, Paris and Parthenon, New York, pp 279–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Hester AJ (2001) Grazing management and forest regeneration in marginal areas. Ann Icelandic For Soc (Skograektarritid) 1:97–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Hester AJ, Baillie GJ (1998) Spatial and temporal patterns of heather use by sheep and red deer within natural heather/grass mosaics. J Appl Ecol 35:772–784

    Google Scholar 

  • Hester AJ, Miller GR (1995) Scrub and woodland regeneration: prospects for the future. In: Thompson DBA, Hester AJ, Usher MB (eds) Heaths and moorlands: Cultural landscapes. HMSO, Edinburgh, pp 140–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Hester AJ, Miller DR, Towers W (1996a) Landscape scale vegetation change in the Cairngorms, Scotland, 1946-1988: implications for land management. Biol Conserv 7:41–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Hester AJ, Mitchell FJG, Kirby KJ (1996b) Effects of season and intensity of sheep grazing on tree regeneration in a British upland woodland. For Ecol Manage 88:99–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hester AJ, Edenius L, Buttenshøn RM, Kuiters AT (2000a) Interactions between forests and herbivores: the role of controlled grazing experiments. Forestry 73:381–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hester AJ, Stewart FE, Racey PA, Swaine MD (2000b) Can gap creation by red deer enhance the establishment of birch (Betula pubescens)? Scott For 54:143–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Hester AJ, Millard P, Baillie GJ, Wendler R (2004) How does timing of browsing affect above-and below-ground growth of Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris and Sorbus aucuparia? Oikos 105:536–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hjältén J, Danell K, Ericson L (1993) Effects of simulated herbivory and intraspecific competition on the compensatory ability of birches. Ecology 74:1136–1142

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann RR (1989) Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants; a comparative view of their digestive system. Oecologia 78:443–457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hólmgeirsson G (1977/1978) Horse browsing and the deterioration of Icelandic forests (in Icelandic). Ann Iceland For Assoc 11

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey J, Gill R, Claridge C (1998) (eds) Grazing as a management tool in European forest ecosystems. Forestry Commission Technical Paper 25. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Iason GR, Duncan AJ, Hartley SE, Staines BW (1996) Feeding behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus) on Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis): the role of carbon:nutrient balance. For Ecol Manage 88:121–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Icelandic Ministry for the Environment (2001) Sustainable development in the Icelandic society-action plan for the turn of the century (in Icelandic). http://brunnur.stjr.is/, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinnaird JW (1974) Effect of site conditions on the regeneration of birch (Betula pendula and pubescens Ehrh.). J Ecol 62:467–472

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuiters AT, Mohren GMJ, van Wieren SE (1996) (eds) Ungulates in temperate forest ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehtonen J (1987) Recovery and development of birch forests damaged by Epirrita autumnata in Utsjoki area, North Finland. Rep Kevo Subarct Res Stn 20:35–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehtonen J, Heikkinen RK (1995) On the recovery of mountain birch after Epirrita damage in Finnish Lapland, with a particular emphasis on reindeer grazing. Ecoscience 2:349–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Löyttyniemi K (1985) On repeated browsing of Scots pine saplings by moose. Silv Fenn 19:387–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles J, Kinnaird JW (1979) Grazing, with particular reference to birch, juniper and Scots pine in the Scottish Highlands. Scot For 33:280–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Millard P, Hester AJ, Wendler R, Baillie G (2001) Remobilization of nitrogen and the recovery of Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris, and Sorbus aucuparia saplings after simulated browsing damage. Funct Ecol 15:535–543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller GR, Kinnaird JW, Cummins RP (1982) Liability of saplings to browsing on a red deer range in the Scottish Highlands. J Appl Ecol 19:941–951

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell FJG, Kirby KJ (1991) The impact of large herbivores on the conservation of semi-natural woods in the British uplands. Forestry 63:333–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell FJG, Hester AJ, Kirby KJ (1996) Effects of season and intensity of sheep grazing on a British upland woodland: browsing damage to planted saplings. Bot J Scotl 48:199–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Oksanen L, Moen J, Helle T (1995) Timberline patterns in northernmost Fennoscandia. Relative importance of climate and grazing. Acta Bot Fenn 153:93–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Scogings PF (1998) Resistance of six savanna woody plant species to browsing by goats in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. PhD Thesis, Univ Fort Hare, Alice

    Google Scholar 

  • Senn J, Haukioja E (1994) Reactions of the mountain birch to bud removal: effects of severity and timing, and implications for herbivores. Funct Ecol 8:494–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Skúlason B (1996) The co-habitation of forestry and sheep farming (in Icelandic). Freyr 6:31–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Staines BW (1976) The use of natural shelter by red deer in north-east Scotland. J Zool 180:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Suominen O, Olofsson J (2001) Impacts of semi-domesticated reindeer on structure of tundra and forest communities in Fennoscandia: a review. Ann Zool Fenn 37:233–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorsteinsson I (1963) Research on the effects of grazing on the vegetation of Landmannaafréttur (in Icelandic). Náttúrufræ∂ingurinn 33:187–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorsteinsson I (1983) Undersøgelser af de naturlige græsgange i Syd-Grønland 1977-1981. Landbr Forsk Inst, Island, Forsøgsstat Upernaviarsuk, Grønland, 223 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber GE, Jeltsch F, van Rooyen N, Milton SJ (1998) Simulated long term vegetation response to grazing heterogeneity in semi-arid rangelands. J Appl Ecol 35:687–699

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK

    A. J. Hester & G. Iason

  2. Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland

    K. Lempa & S. Neuvonen

  3. Departmentfo Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    K. Lempa

  4. Greenland Agricultural Advisory Service, P.O. Box 153, 3920, Qaqortoq, Greenland

    K. Høegh

  5. Biomedia, Kastrupvej 8, 4100, Ringsted, Denmark

    J. Feilberg

  6. Akureyri Division, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Hafnarstræti 97, P.O. Box 180 602, Akureyri, Iceland

    S. Arnthórsdóttir

Authors
  1. A. J. Hester
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Lempa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Neuvonen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. Høegh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. Feilberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. S. Arnthórsdóttir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. G. Iason
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Logan, USA

    M. M. Caldwell

  2. Marburg, Germany

    G. Heldmaier

  3. Durham, USA

    R. B. Jackson

  4. Würzburg, Germany

    O. L. Lange

  5. Stanford, USA

    H. A. Mooney

  6. Jena, Germany

    E. -D. Schulze

  7. Kiel, Germany

    U. Sommer

  8. Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1045, Blindern 0316, Oslo, Norway

    Frans E. Wielgolaski

  9. Department of Plant Ecology Ecolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Villavägen 14, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden

    P. Staffan Karlsson

  10. Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland

    Seppo Neuvonen

  11. Department of Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany

    Dietbert Thannheiser

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hester, A.J. et al. (2005). Birch Sapling Responses to Severity and Timing of Domestic Herbivore Browsing — Implications for Management. In: Caldwell, M.M., et al. Plant Ecology, Herbivory, and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests. Ecological Studies, vol 180. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26595-3_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation