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Henipavirus Receptor Usage and Tropism

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Henipavirus

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 359))

Abstract

Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses are the deadliest human pathogens within the Paramyxoviridae family, which include human and animal pathogens of global biomedical importance. NiV and HeV infections cause respiratory and encephalitic illness with high mortality rates in humans. Henipaviruses (HNV) are the only Paramyxoviruses classified as biosafety level 4 (BSL4) pathogens due to their extreme pathogenicity, potential for bioterrorism, and lack of licensed vaccines and therapeutics. HNV use ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3, highly conserved proteins, as viral entry receptors. This likely accounts for their unusually broad species tropism, and also provides opportunities to study how receptor usage, cellular tropism, and end-organ pathology relates to the pathobiology of HNV infections. The clinical and pathologic manifestations of NiV and HeV virus infections are reviewed in the chapters by Wong et al. and Geisbert et al. in this issue. Here, we will review the biology of the HNV receptors, and how receptor usage relates to HNV cell tropism in vitro and in vivo.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, BSRB 251a, 615 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1489, USA

    Olivier Pernet, Yao E Wang & Benhur Lee

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  1. Olivier Pernet
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  2. Yao E Wang
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  3. Benhur Lee
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Correspondence to Benhur Lee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Dept. of Microbiol., Immunol., Mol. Gen., David Geffen School of Medicine, Charles E. Young Drive East 615, Los Angeles, 90095-1489, California, USA

    Benhur Lee

  2. MS-C-22, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, 30329, Georgia, USA

    Paul A. Rota

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© 2012 Springer Verlag-Berlin Heidelberg

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Pernet, O., Wang, Y.E., Lee, B. (2012). Henipavirus Receptor Usage and Tropism. In: Lee, B., Rota, P. (eds) Henipavirus. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 359. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2012_222

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