Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Heart Transplantation

  • Chapter
Surgery

  • 251 Accesses

Abstract

The clinical success of cardiac transplantation for patients suffering from end-stage heart failure has led to an increased demand for heart donors. Currently, 1.7% of all patients and 45% of the status 1 patients listed for transplantation die while awaiting a suitable donor organ.1 The availability of donor organs is presently the primary limiting factor to cardiac transplantation. As in the case of abdominal organs, a common approach has been to extend the acceptance criteria for hearts. Donor parameters such as advanced age, high-dose inotropic support, seropositivity for hepatitis C, size mismatch, echocardiographic abnormality, and prolonged cold ischemic time have been reconsidered as relative contraindications to organ usage. Certain criteria such as donor seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), intractable ventricular dysrhythmias, extracranial malignancy, documented prior myocardial infarction, severe coronary artery or valvular disease, and death from carbon monoxide poisoning with a blood carboxyhemoglobin level greater than 20% remain absolute contraindications. Patients are listed according to priority. A large proportion—more than 90% of recipients—are inpatients at the time of transplantation.2

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1999 Annual Report of the U.S. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network: Transplant Data 1989–1998. Richmond, VA: HHS/GRSA/OSP/DOT and United Network for Organ Sharing; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hoercher KJ, Gonzalez-Stawinski GV, Taylor DO, McCarthy PM, Young JB, Starling RC. Cardiac transplantation at the Cleveland Clinic. Clin Transpl 2003;267–274.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hosenpud D, Novick RJ, Breen TJ, et al. The registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: 11th official report-1994. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994;13:561–570.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Breen TJ, Keck B, Daily OP, et al. The use of older donors results in a major increase in early mortality following orthotopic cardiac transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994;13:S51.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Livi U, Bortolotti U, Luciani GB, et al. Donor shortage in heart transplantation: is extension of donor age limits justified? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107:1346–1355.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chau EMC, McGregor CGA, Rodeheffer JR, et al. Increased incidence of chronotropic incompetence in older donor hearts. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:743–748.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Mercer P, Sharpies L, Edmunds J, et al. Evaluating the donor pool: impact of using hearts from donors over the age of 49 years. Transplant Proc 1997;29:3293–3296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gao, S-Z, Hunt SA, Alderman EL, et al. Relation of donor age and preexisting coronary artery disease on angiography and intracoronary ultrasound to later development of accelerated allograft coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:623–629.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Blanes M, Gomez D, Cordoba J, et al. Is there any risk of transmission of hepatitis B from heart donors hepatitis B core antibody positive? Transplant Proc 2002;34:61–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ko WJ, Chou NK, Hsu RB, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in heart transplant recipients in a hepatitis B endemic area. J Heart Lung Transplant 2001;20:865–875.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lim HL, Lau GK, Davis GL, et al. Cholestatic hepatitis leading to hepatic failure in a patient with organ-transmitted hepatitic C virus infection. Gastroenterology 1994;106:248–251.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lake KD, Smith CI, Laforest SKM, et al. Policies regarding the transplantation of hepatitis C-positive candidates and donor organs. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:917–921.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Widell A, Mansson S, Persson NH, et al. Hepatitis C superinfection in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients transplanted with an HCV-infected kidney. Transplantation (Baltimore) 1995;60:642–647.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ferenci P. Current treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2004;7:491–499.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Chan BB, Fleischer KJ, Bergin JD, et al. Weight is not an accurate criterion for adult cardiac transplant size. Ann Thorac Surg 1991;52:1230–1235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hosenpud JD, Pantely GA, Morton MJ, et al. Relation between recipient: donor body size match and hemodynamics 3 months after heart transplantation. J Heart Transplant 1989;8:241–243.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jeevanandam V, Mather P, Furukawa S, et al. Adult orthotopic heart transplantation using undersized pediatric donor hearts. Circulation 1994;90 (pt 2):1174–1177.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sekela ME, Smart FW, Noon GP, et al. Attenuation of waiting time mortality with heterotopic heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54:547–551.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tamisier D, Vouhe P, Le Bidois J, et al. Donor-recipient size matching in pediatric heart transplantation: a word of caution about small grafts. J Heart Lung Transplant 1996;15:190–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Iberer F, Wasler A, Tscheliessnigg K, et al. Prostaglandin El-induced moderation of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance: survival on waiting list and results of orthotopic heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1993;12:173–178.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sharpies LD, Caine N, Mullins P, et al. Risk factor analysis for the major hazards following heart transplantation—rejection, infection, and coronary occlusive disease. Transplantation 1991;52:244–252.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mehra MR, Stapleton DD, Ventura HO, et al. Influence of donor and recipient gender on cardiac allograft vasculopathy: an intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 1994;90 (pt 2):1178–1182.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kirsh M, Baufreton C, Naftel DC, et al. Pretransplantation risk factors for death after heart transplantation: the Henri Mondor experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:268–277.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Prendergast TW, Furukawa S, Beyer AJ III, et al. The role of gender in heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;65:88–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jeevanandam V, Todd B, Regillo T, et al. Reversal of donor myocardial dysfunction by triiodothyronine replacement therapy. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994;13:681–687.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jeevanandam V. Triiodothyronine: spectrum of use in heart transplantation. Thyroid 1997;7:139–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wheeldon DR, Potter CD, Jonas M, et al. Transplantation of “unsuitable” organs? Transplant Proc 1993;25:3104–3105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rosendale JD, Kauffman HM, McBride MA, et al. Hormonal resuscitation yields more transplanted hearts, with improved early function. Transplantation 2003;75:1336–1341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Zaroff JG, Rosengard BR, Armstrong WF, et al. Consensus conference report: maximizing use of organs recovered from the cadaver donor: cardiac recommendations, March 28–29, 2001, Crystal City, VA. Circulation 2002;106:836–841.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Stein JH, Neumann A, Preston LM, et al. Echocardiography for hemodynamic assessment of patients with advanced heart failure and potential heart transplant recipients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:1765–1772.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Adatia I, Perry S, Landzberg M, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide and hemodynamic evaluations of patients with pulmonary hypertension before transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:1565–1564.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Chen JM, Levin HR, Michler RE, et al. Reevaluating the significance of pulmonary hypertension before cardiac transplantation: determination of optimal thresholds and quantification of the effect of reversibility on perioperative mortality. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;114:627–634.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Michler RE, Chen JM, Itescu S, et al. Two decades of cardiac transplantation at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center: 1977–1997. Clin Transpl 1996;153–165.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kirsch M, Baufreton C, Naftel D, et al. Pretransplantation risk factors for death after heart transplantation: the Henri Mondor experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:268–277.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. McCarthy JF, McCarthy PM, Massad MG, et al. Risk factors for death after heart transplantation: does a single-center experience correlate with multicenter registries? Ann Thorac Surg 1998;65:1574–1579.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tenderich G, Koerner MM, Stuettgen L, et al. Does preexisting elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (transpulmonary gradient >5mmHg or >5 Wood) predict early and long-term results after orthotopic heart transplantation? Transplant Proc 1998;30:1130–1131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ladowski JS, Kormos RL, Uretsky BF, et al. Heart transplantation in diabetic recipients. Transplantation 1990;49:303–305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Munoz E, Lonquist JL, Radovancevic B, et al. Long-term results in diabetic patients undergoing heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:943–949.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Stevenson LW, Warner SL, Steimle AE, et al. The impending crisis awaiting cardiac transplantation: modeling a solution based on selection. Circulation 1994;89:450–457.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Laks H, Scholl GF, Drinkwater DC, et al. The alternate recipient list for heart transplantation: does it work? J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:735–742.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Anguita M, Arizon JM, Valles F, et al. Influence on survival after heart transplantation of contraindications seen in transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:708–715.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Miller LW, Kubo SH, Young JB, et al. Report of the consensus conference on candidate selection for heart transplantation—1993. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:562–571.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Blanche C, Matloff JM, Denton TA, et al. Heart transplantation in patients 70 years of age and older: initial experience. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;62:1731–1736.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Frazier OH, Macris MP, Duncan JM, et al. Cardiac transplantation in patients over 60 years of age. Ann Thorac Surg 1997;64:1866–1867.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Masters RG, Hendry PJ, Davies RA, et al. Cardiac transplantation after mechanical circulatory support: a Canadian perspective. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:1734–1739.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Bonet LA. Predictors of mortality following heart transplantation: Spanish Registry of Heart Transplantation 1984–2001. Transplant Proc 2003;35:1946–1950.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. John R, Rajasinghe H, Chen JM, et al. Impact of current management practices on early and late death in more than 500 consecutive cardiac transplant recipients. Ann Surg 2000;232:302–311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Arzenziano M, Catanese KA, Moazami N, et al. The influence of infection on survival and successful transplantation in patients with left ventricular assist devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:822–831.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Itescu S, Tung TC, Burke EM, et al. Preformed IgG antibodies against major histocompatibility complex class II antigens are major risk factors for high-grade cellular rejection in recipients of heart transplantation. Circulation 1998;98:786–793.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Cavarocchi NC, Badellino M. Heart/heart-lung transplantation: the domino procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 1989;48:130–133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Traversi E, Pozzoli M, Grande A. The bicaval anastomosis technique for orthotopic heart transplantation yields better atrial function than the standard technique: an echocardiographic automatic boundary detection study. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:1065–1074.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Blanche C, Nessim S, Quartel A, et al. Heart transplantation with bicaval and pulmonary venous anastomoses. A hemodynamic analysis of the first 117 patients. J Cardiovasc Surg 1997;38:561–566.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Brandt M, Harringer W, Hirt SW, et al. Influence of bicaval anastomoses on late occurrence of atrial arrhythmia after heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1997;64:70–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Rothman SA, Jeevanandam V, Combs WG, et al. Eliminating bradyarrhythmias after orthotopic heart transplantation. Circulation 1996;suppl 9:II178–II182.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Bouchart F, Derumeaux G, Mouton-Schleifer D, et al. Conventional and total orthotopic cardiac transplantation: a comparative clinical and echocardiographical study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1997;12:555–559.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Aleksic I, Freimark D, Blanche C, et al. Resting hemodynamics after total versus standard orthotopic heart transplantation in patients with high preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1997;11:1037–1044.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Deleuze PH, Benvenuti C, Mazzucotelli JP, et al. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation with direct caval anastomosis: is it the optimal procedure? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:731–737.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. elGamel A, Yonan NA, Grant S, et al. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation: a comparison of standard and bicaval Wythen-shawe techniques. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:721–730.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Sievers HH, Leyh R, Jahnke A, et al. Bicaval versus atrial anastomoses in cardiac transplantation: right atrial dimension and tricuspid valve function at rest and during exercise up to 36 months after transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:1257–1259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Jeevanandam V, Russell H, Mather P, et al. A 1-year comparison of prophylactic donor tricuspid annuloplasty in heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;78:759–766.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Wheeldon D, Sharpies L, Wallwork J, et al. Donor heart preservation survey. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:986–993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Luciani GB, Faggian G, Forni A, et al. Myocardial protection during heart transplantation using blood cardioplegia. Transplant Proc 1997;29:3386–3388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Engelman RM, Pleet AB, Rousou JA, et al. What is the best perfusion temperature for coronary revascularization? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;112:1622–1633.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Tixier D, Matheis G, Buckberg GD, et al. Donor hearts with impaired hemodynamics. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;102:207–214.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Rao V, Feindel CM, Weisel RD, et al. Donor blood perfusion improves myocardial recovery after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:667–673.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Kirklin JK, Neves J, Naftel DC, et al. Controlled initial hyperkalemic reperfusion after cardiac transplantation: coronary vascular resistance and blood flow. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;49:625–631.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Pradas G, Cuenca J, Juffe A. Continuous warm reperfusion during heart transplantation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;111:784–790.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Barnard CN, Losman JG. Left ventricular bypass. South African Med J 1975;49:303–312.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Cooper DK, Novitzky D, Becerra E, et al. Are there indications for heterotopic heart transplantation in 1986? A 2-to 11-year follow-up of 49 consecutive patients undergoing heterotopic heart transplantation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surgeon 1986;34:300–304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Baumgartner WA. Heterotopic transplantation: is it a viable alternative? Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54:401–402.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kawaguchi AT, Gandjbakhch I, Desruennes M, et al. Orthotopic versus heterotopic heart transplantation in donor/recipient size mismatch. Transplant Proc 1995;27:1227–1281.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Khaghani A, Santini F, Dyke CM, et al. Heterotopic cardiac transplantation in infants and children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;113:1042–1049.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Ridley PD, Khaghani A, Musumeci F, et al. Heterotopic heart transplantation and recipient heart operation in ischemic heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54:333–337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Chester AH, Birks EJ, Yacoub MH. Role of nitric oxide following cardiac transplantation. J Hum Hypertens 1998;12:883–887.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Argenziano M, Chen JM, Choudri AF, et al. Management of vasodilatory shock after cardiac surgery: identification of predisposing factors and use of a novel pressor agent. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;116:973–980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Follath F, Cleland JG, Just H, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure (the LIDO study): a randomised double-blind trial. Lancet 2002;360:196–202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Montero JA, Anguita M, Concha M, et al. Pacing requirements after orthotopic heart transplantation: incidence and related factors. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:799–802.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Scott CD, McComb JM, Dark JH, et al. Permanent pacing after cardiac transplantation. Br Heart J 1993;69:399–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Kieler-Jensen N, Lundin S, Ricksten SE. Vasodilator therapy after heart transplantation: effects of inhaled nitric oxide and intravenous prostacyclin Ei, and sodium nitroprusside. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:436–443.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Auler JOC, Carmona MJC, Bocchi EA, et al. Low doses of inhaled nitric oxide in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 1996;15:443–450.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Beniaminovitz A, Itescu S, Lietz K, et al. Prevention of rejection in cardiac transplantation by blockade of the interleukin-2 receptor with a monoclonal antibody. N Engl J Med 2000;342:613–619.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Dall’Amico R, Montini G, Murer L, et al. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy after cardiac transplantation: a new therapeutic approach to allograft rejection. Int J Artif Organs 2000;23:49–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Valantine HA. Individualizing immunosuppression for heart transplantation: strategies for the next decade. Transplant Proc 1999;29(suppl 8A):5S–8S.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Waid TH, Johnson JS, McKeown JW, et al. Induction immunotherapy in heart transplantation with T10B3. 1A-31: a phase I study. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:913–916.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. vanGelder T, Balk AH, Jonkman FA, et al. A randomized trial comparing safety and efficacy of OKT3 and a monoclonal anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody (BT563) in the prevention of acute rejection after heart transplantation. Transplantation 1996;62:51–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Wahlers T. Cytolytic induction therapy in heart and lung transplantation: the protagonist opinion. Transplant Proc 1998;30:1100–1103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Keogh A, Macdonald PO, Harvison A, et al. Initial steroid-free versus steroid-based maintenance therapy and steroid withdrawal after heart transplantation: two views of the steroid question. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:421–427.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Barr ML, Sanchez JA, Seche LA, et al. Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody induction therapy: immunological equivalency with triple-drug therapy in heart transplantation. Circulation 1990;82(suppl 5):IV291–iV294.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Alonso-Pulpon L, Serrano-Fiz S, Rubio JA, et al. Efficacy of low-dose OKT3 as cytolytic induction therapy in heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:136–142.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Costanzo-Nordin MR, Sinnen LJ, Fisher SG, et al. Cytomegalovirus infections in heart transplant recipients: relationship to immunosuppression. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:837–846.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Swinnen LJ, Costanzo-Nordin MR, Fisher SG, et al. Increased incidence of lymphoproliferative disorder after immunosuppression with the monoclonal antibody OKT3 in cardiac transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1723–1728.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Sollinger HW, U.S. Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group. Mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection in primary cadaveric renal allograft recipients. Transplantation 1995;60:225–232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Ensley RD, Bristow MR, Olsen SL, et al. The use of mycophenolate mofetil (RS-61443) in human heart transplant. Transplantation 1993;56:75–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Kobashigawa J, Miller L, Renlund D, et al. A randomized active-controlled trial of mycophenolate mofetil in heart transplant recipients. Transplantation 1998;66:507–515.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Haverich A, Costard-Jackie A, Cremer J, et al. Cyclosporin A and transplant coronary disease after heart transplantation. Transplant Proc 1994;26:2713–2715.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Stempfle HU, Werner C, Echtler S, et al. Rapid trabecular bone loss after cardiac transplantation using FK506 (tacrolimus)-based immunosuppression. Transplant Proc 1998;30:1132–1133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Meiser BM, Uberfuhr P, Fuchs A, et al. Single-center randomized trial comparing tacrolimus and cyclosporine in the prevention of acute myocardial rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:782–788.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Reichart 13, Meisr B, Vigano M, et al. European multicenter tacrolimus (FK506) heart pilot study: 1-year-results—European tacrolimus multicenter heart study group. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:775–781.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Pham SM, Kormos RL, Hattler BG, et al. A prospective trial of tacrolimus (FK506) in clinical heart transplantation: intermediate-term results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;111:764–772.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Olivari MT, Jesse ME, Baldwin BJ, et al. Triple-drug immunosuppression with steroid discontinuation by 6 months after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:127–135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Kobashigawa JA, Stevenson LW, Brownfield ED, et al. Initial success of steroid weaning late after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:428–430.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Miller LW, McBride WT, Peigh P, et al. Successful withdrawal of corticosteroids in heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:431–434.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Canter CEW, Moorhead S, Saffitz JE, et al. Steroid withdrawal in the pediatric heart transplant recipient initially treated with triple immunosuppression. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994;13:74–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Kahan BD. Efficacy of sirolimus compared with azathioprine for reduction of acute renal allograft rejection: a randomised multicentre study. The Rapamune U.S. Study Group. Lancet 2000;356:194–202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Groth CG, Backman L, Morales JM, et al. Sirolimus (rapamycin)-based therapy in human renal transplantation: similar efficacy and different toxicity compared with cyclosporine. Sirolimus European Renal Transplant Study Group. Transplantation 1999;67:1036–1042.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Shefet D, Ben-dor I, Lustig S. Sirolimus-induced interstitial pneumonitis after renal transplantation. Transplantation 2004;78:950.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Schuler PB, Lloyd LK, Leblanc PA, Clapp TA, Abadie BR, Collins RK. The effect of physical activity and fitness on specific antibody production in college students. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1999;39:233–239.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Eisen HJ, Tuzcu EM, Dorent R, et al. of the RAD B253 Study Group. Everolimus for the prevention of allograft rejection and vasculopathy in cardiac-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 2003;349:847–858.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Doggrell SA. Is everolimus useful in preventing allograft rejection and vasculopathy after heart transplant? Expert Opin Inves-tig Drugs 2004;13:161–163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Cantarovich M, Metrakos P, Giannetti N, Cecere R, Barkun J, Tchervenkov J. Anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody coverage allows for calcineurin inhibitor “holiday” in solid organ transplant patients with acute renal dysfunction. Transplantation 2002;73:1169–1172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. White JA, Guiraudon C, Pflugfelder PW, et al. Routine surveillance myocardial biopsies are unnecessary beyond 1 year after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:1052–1056.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Sethi GK, Kosaraju S, Arabia FA, et al. Is it necessary to perform surveillance endomyocardial biopsies in heart transplant recipients? J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:1047–1051.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Brunner-La Rocca HP, Kiowski W. Identification of patients not requiring endomyocardial biopsies late after cardiac transplantation. Transplantation 1998;65:533–538.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Kobashigawa JA, Stevenson LW, Moriguchi J, et al. Randomized study of high dose oral cyclosporine therapy for mild acute cardiac rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1989;8:53–58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Kobashigawa JA, Stevenson LW, Moriguchi JD, et al. Is intravenous glucocorticoid therapy better than an oral regimen for asymptomatic cardiac rejection? A randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:1142–1144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Bourge RC, Kirklin JK, White-Williams C, et al. Methotrexate pulse therapy in the treatment of recurrent acute heart rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:1116–1124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Costanzo MR, Koch DM, Fisher SG, et al. Effects of methotrexate on acute rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:169–178.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Kirklin JK, Bourge RC, Naftel DC, et al. Treatment of recurrent heart rejection with mycophenolate mofetil (RS-61443): initial clinical experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994;13:444–450.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Haverty TP, Sanders M, Sheahan M. OKT3 treatment of cardiac allograft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1993;12:591–598.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Wagner FM, Reichenspurner H, Uberfuhr P, et al. How successful is OKT 3 rescue therapy for steroid-resistant acute rejection episodes after heart transplantation? J Heart Lung Transplant 1994;13:438–443.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Dall’Amico R, Livi U, Milano A, et al. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy as adjuvant treatment of heart transplant recipients with recurrent rejection. Transplantation 1995;60:45–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Costanzo-Nordin MR, Hubbell EA, O’Sullivan EJ, et al. Photophoresis versus corticosteroids in the therapy of heart transplant rejection: preliminary clinical report. Circulation 1992;86(suppl 5):11242–11250.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Costanzo-Nordin MR, Hubbell EA, O’Sullivan EJ, et al. Successful treatment of heart transplant rejection with photophoresis. Transplantation 1992;53:808–815.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Rose EA, Barr ML, Xu H, et al. Photochemotherapy in human heart transplant recipients at high risk for fatal rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:746–759.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Barr ML, Meisser BM, Eisen HJ, et al. Photophoresis for the prevention of rejection in cardiac transplantation: photophoresis transplantation study group. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1744–1751.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Ross HJ, Gullestad L, Pak J, et al. Methotrexate of total lymphoid radiation for treatment of persistent or recurrent allograft cellular rejection: a comparative study. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:179–189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Grossi P, De Maria R, Caroli A, et al. Infections on heart transplant recipients: the experience of the Italian heart transplantation program. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:847–866.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Mayer JM, Nimer L, Carroll K. Isolated pulmonary Aspergillus infection in cardiac transplant recipients: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 1992;15:698–700.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Munoz P, Palomo J, Munoz R, et al. Tuberculosis in heart transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:398–402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Holliman RE, Johnson JD, Adams S, et al. Toxoplasmosis and heart transplantation. J Heart Transplant 1991;10:608–610.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Huffer JA, Scott J, Wreghitt T, et al. The importance of cytomegalovirus in heart-lung transplant recipients. Chest 1989;95:627–631.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Griffiths PD. Prophylaxis against CMV infection in transplant patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997;39:299–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Merigan TC, Renlund DG, Keay S, et al. A controlled trial of ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus disease after heart transplantation. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1182–1186.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Kofoed KF, Czernin J, Johnson J, et al. Effects of cardiac allograft vasculopathy on myocardial blood flow, vasodilatory capacity, and coronary vasomotion. Circulation 1997;95:600–606.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Libby P, Tanaka H. The pathogenesis of coronary arteriosclerosis (“chronic rejection”) in transplanted hearts. Clin Transplant 1994;8:313–318.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Thomson JG. Production of severe athero in a transplanted human heart. Lancet 1969;2:1088–1092.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Costanzo-Nordin MR. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: relationship with acute cellular rejection and histocompatibility. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:S90–S 103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Uretsky BF, Murali S, Reddy S, et al. Development of coronary artery disease in cardiac transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine and prednisone. Circulation 1987;76:827–834.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Olivari MT, Homans DC, Wilson RF, et al. Coronary artery disease in cardiac transplant patients receiving triple drug immunosuppressive therapy. Circulation 1989;80:III111–III115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Russell PS, Chase CM, Winn HF, et al. Coronary atherosclerosis in transplanted mouse hearts, II: importance of humoral immunity. J Immunol 1994;152:5135–5141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Hosenpud JD, Everett JP, Morris TE, et al. Cellular and humoral immunity to vascular endothelium and the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:S185–S187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Escobar A, Ventura HO, Stapleton DD, et al. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy assessed by intravascular ultrasonography and nonimmunologic risk factors. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:1042–1046.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Day JD, Rayburn BK, Gaudin PB, et al. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: the central pathogenetic role of ischemia-induced endothelial cell injury. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:S142–S149.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Land W, Schneeberger H, Schleibner S, et al. The beneficial effect of human recombinant superoxide dismutase on acute and chronic rejection events in recipients of cadaveric renal transplants. Transplantation 1994;57:211–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Smith JA, Ribakove GH, Hunt SA, et al. Heart retransplantation: the 25-year experience at a single institution. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:832–839.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Schnetzler B, Pavie A, Dorent R, et al. Heart retransplantation: a 23-year single-center clinical experience. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;65:978–983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Mullins P, Scott J, Chauhan A, et al. Acute heart retransplantation. Lancet 1991;337:1158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Collins EG, Mozdzierz G. Cardiac retransplantation: determining limits. Heart Lung 1993;22:206–212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Brown NE, Muehlebach GF, Jones P, et al. Tricuspid annuloplasty significantly reduces early tricuspid regurgitation after biatrial heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004;23:1160–1162.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiothoracic Division, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK

    Catherine Sudarshan FRAS (Attending)

  2. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Daniel Kreisel MD, PhD (Assistant Professor)

  3. Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgical Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Bruce R. Rosengard MD (Associate Professor)

Authors
  1. Catherine Sudarshan FRAS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daniel Kreisel MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bruce R. Rosengard MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  2. Divisions of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  3. Departments of Surgery and Public Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  4. Division of Critical Care and Trauma, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  5. Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    R. Randal Bollinger MD, PhD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD, FACS (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery) (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery)

  7. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  8. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  9. Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  10. Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  11. Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  12. Radiology, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

  13. Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sudarshan, C., Kreisel, D., Rosengard, B.R. (2008). Heart Transplantation. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_89

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_89

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-30800-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-68113-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation