Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Classification of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

  • Chapter
Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

  • 834 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 179.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Working Group of ESPGHAN. Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents: recommendations for diagnosis–the Porto criteria. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005;41(1):1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, et al. Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: Report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. Can J Gastroenterol 2005;19 Suppl A:5–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bousvaros A, Antonioli D, Colletti C, et al. NASPGHAN Clinical Report: Differentiating ulcerative colitis from Crohn disease in children and young adults: Report of a working group of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, and the Crohn and Colitis Foundation of America. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2007, 44: 653–674.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Drake AA, Gilchrist MJ, Washington JA, 2nd, Huizenga KA, Van Scoy RE. Diarrhea due to Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni. A clinical review of 63 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1981;56(7):414–23.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Nostrant TT, Kumar NB, Appelman HD. Histopathology differentiates acute self-limited colitis from ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1987;92(2):318–28.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Garland CF, Lilienfeld AM, Mendeloff AI, Markowitz JA, Terrell KB, Garland FC. Incidence rates of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease in fifteen areas of the United States. Gastroenterology 1981;81(6):1115–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Loftus EV, Jr., Silverstein MD, Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR. Ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940–1993: incidence, prevalence, and survival. Gut 2000;46(3):336–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Mantzaris GJ, Hatzis A, Archavlis E, et al. The role of colonoscopy in the differential diagnosis of acute, severe hemorrhagic colitis. Endoscopy 1995;27(9):645–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Konuma Y, Tanaka M, Saito H, Munakata A, Yoshida Y. A study of the histological criteria for ulcerative colitis: retrospective evaluation of multiple colonic biopsies. J Gastroenterol 1995;30(2):189–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Surawicz CM, Haggitt RC, Husseman M, McFarland LV. Mucosal biopsy diagnosis of colitis: acute self-limited colitis and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1994;107(3):755–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Wong NA, Penman ID, Campbell S, Lessells AM. Microscopic focal cryptitis associated with sodium phosphate bowel preparation. Histopathology 2000;36(5):476–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Xin W, Brown PI, Greenson JK. The clinical significance of focal active colitis in pediatric patients. Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27(8):1134–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Heuschen UA, Hinz U, Allemeyer EH, et al. Backwash ileitis is strongly associated with colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2001;120(4):841–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Alexander F, Sarigol S, DiFiore J, et al. Fate of the pouch in 151 pediatric patients after ileal pouch anal anastomosis. J Pediatr Surg 2003;38(1):78–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Laghi A, Borrelli O, Paolantonio P, et al. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the terminal ileum in children with Crohn disease. Gut 2003;52(3):393–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Riddell RH. Pathology of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. In: Kirsner J, ed. Inflammatory Bowel Disease, 5th edition. Phildelphia: WB Saunders, 2000;427–50.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Haskell H, Andrews CW, Jr., Reddy SI, et al. Pathologic features and clinical significance of “backwash” ileitis in ulcerative colitis. Am J Surg Pathol 2005;29(11):1472–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Koukoulis GK, Ke Y, Henley JD, Cummings OW. Detection of pyloric metaplasia may improve the biopsy diagnosis of Crohn ileitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002;34(2):141–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Geboes K, Ectors N, D’Haens G, Rutgeerts P. Is ileoscopy with biopsy worthwhile in patients presenting with symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease? Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93(2):201–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Joossens S, Reinisch W, Vermeire S, et al. The value of serologic markers in indeterminate colitis: a prospective follow-up study. Gastroenterology 2002;122(5):1242–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Parente F, Cucino C, Bollani S, et al. Focal gastric inflammatory infiltrates in inflammatory bowel diseases: prevalence, immunohistochemical characteristics, and diagnostic role. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95(3):705–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pascasio JM, Hammond S, Qualman SJ. Recognition of Crohn disease on incidental gastric biopsy in childhood. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2003;6(3):209–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sharif F, McDermott M, Dillon M, et al. Focally enhanced gastritis in children with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97(6):1415–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Abdullah BA, Gupta SK, Croffie JM, et al. The role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the initial evaluation of childhood inflammatory bowel disease: a 7-year study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2002;35(5):636–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kundhal PS, Stormon MO, Zachos M, Critch JN, Cutz E, Griffiths AM. Gastral antral biopsy in the differentiation of pediatric colitides. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98(3):557–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ruuska T, Vaajalahti P, Arajarvi P, Maki M. Prospective evaluation of upper gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in children with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994;19(2):181–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Tobin JM, Sinha B, Ramani P, Saleh AR, Murphy MS. Upper gastrointestinal mucosal disease in pediatric Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis: a blinded, controlled study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001;32(4):443–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Davison AM, Dixon MF. The appendix as a ‘skip lesion’ in ulcerative colitis. Histopathology 1990;16(1):93–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Goldblum JR, Appelman HD. Appendiceal involvement in ulcerative colitis. Mod Pathol 1992;5(6):607–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Groisman GM, George J, Harpaz N. Ulcerative appendicitis in universal and nonuniversal ulcerative colitis. Mod Pathol 1994;7(3):322–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kroft SH, Stryker SJ, Rao MS. Appendiceal involvement as a skip lesion in ulcerative colitis. Mod Pathol 1994;7(9):912–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Perry WB, Opelka FG, Smith D, et al. Discontinuous appendiceal involvement in ulcerative colitis: pathology and clinical correlation. J Gastrointest Surg 1999;3(2):141–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Matsumoto T, Nakamura S, Shimizu M, Iida M. Significance of appendiceal involvement in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55(2):180–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Okawa K, Aoki T, Sano K, Harihara S, Kitano A, Kuroki T. Ulcerative colitis with skip lesions at the mouth of the appendix: a clinical study. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93(12):2405–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Scott IS, Sheaff M, Coumbe A, Feakins RM, Rampton DS. Appendiceal inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Histopathology 1998;33(2):168–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Yamagishi N, Iizuka B, Nakamura T, Suzuki S, Hayashi N. Clinical and colonoscopic investigation of skipped periappendiceal lesions in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002;37(2):177–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Yang SK, Jung HY, Kang GH, et al. Appendiceal orifice inflammation as a skip lesion in ulcerative colitis: an analysis in relation to medical therapy and disease extent. Gastrointest Endosc 1999;49(6):743–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. D’Haens G, Geboes K, Peeters M, Baert F, Ectors N, Rutgeerts P. Patchy cecal inflammation associated with distal ulcerative colitis: a prospective endoscopic study. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92(8):1275–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kahn E, Markowitz J, Daum F. The appendix in inflammatory bowel disease in children. Mod Pathol 1992;5(4):380–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Faubion WA, Jr., Loftus EV, Sandborn WJ, Freese DK, Perrault J. Pediatric “PSC-IBD”: a descriptive report of associated inflammatory bowel disease among pediatric patients with psc. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001;33(3):296–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Glickman JN, Bousvaros A, Farraye FA, et al. Pediatric patients with untreated ulcerative colitis may present initially with unusual morphologic findings. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28(2):190–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Robert ME, Tang L, Hao LM, Reyes-Mugica M. Patterns of inflammation in mucosal biopsies of ulcerative colitis: perceived differences in pediatric populations are limited to children younger than 10 years. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28(2):183–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Odze R, Antonioli D, Peppercorn M, Goldman H. Effect of topical 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) therapy on rectal mucosal biopsy morphology in chronic ulcerative colitis. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17(9):869–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Washington K, Greenson JK, Montgomery E, et al. Histopathology of ulcerative colitis in initial rectal biopsy in children. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26(11):1441–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Kim B, Barnett JL, Kleer CG, Appelman HD. Endoscopic and histological patchiness in treated ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94(11):3258–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Horton K, Jones B, Fishman E. Imaging of the inflammatory bowel diseases. In: Kirsner J, ed. Inflammatory Bowel Disease, 5th edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000;479–500.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Charron M. Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease imaged with Tc-99m white blood cells. Clin Nucl Med 2000;25(9):708–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Darbari A, Sena L, Argani P, Oliva-Hemker JM, Thompson R, Cuffari C. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a useful radiological tool in diagnosing pediatric IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004;10(2):67–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Parente F, Greco S, Molteni M, Anderloni A, Bianchi Porro G. Imaging inflammatory bowel disease using bowel ultrasound. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;17(3):283–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Sabery N, Bass D. Use of serologic markers as a screening tool in inflammatory bowel disease compared with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anemia. Pediatrics 2007;119(1):e193–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Dubinsky MC, Ofman JJ, Urman M, Targan SR, Seidman EG. Clinical utility of serodiagnostic testing in suspected pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(3):758–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Vasiliauskas EA, Kam LY, Karp LC, Gaiennie J, Yang H, Targan SR. Marker antibody expression stratifies Crohn disease into immunologically homogeneous subgroups with distinct clinical characteristics. Gut 2000;47(4):487–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Zholudev A, Zurakowski D, Young W, Leichtner A, Bousvaros A. Serologic testing with ANCA, ASCA, and anti-OmpC in children and young adults with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis: diagnostic value and correlation with disease phenotype. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99(11):2235–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Abreu MT, Taylor KD, Lin YC, et al. Mutations in NOD2 are associated with fibrostenosing disease in patients with Crohn disease. Gastroenterology 2002;123(3):679–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Eliakim R, Fischer D, Suissa A, et al. Wireless capsule video endoscopy is a superior diagnostic tool in comparison to barium follow-through and computerized tomography in patients with suspected Crohn disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;15(4):363–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Marmo R, Rotondano G, Piscopo R, et al. Capsule endoscopy versus enteroclysis in the detection of small-bowel involvement in Crohn disease: a prospective trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3(8):772–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Hildebrand H, Fredrikzon B, Holmquist L, Kristiansson B, Lindquist B. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents in Sweden. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1991;13(3):293–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Carvalho RS, Abadom V, Dilworth HP, Thompson R, Oliva-Hemker M, Cuffari C. Indeterminate colitis: a significant subgroup of pediatric IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12(4):258–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kugathasan S, Judd RH, Hoffmann RG, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease in Wisconsin: a statewide population-based study. J Pediatr 2003;143(4):525–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Gasche C, Scholmerich J, Brynskov J, et al. A simple classification of Crohn disease: report of the Working Party for the World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna 1998. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2000;6(1):8–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02421, USA

    Athos Bousvaros (MD, MPH, Associate Director)

Authors
  1. Athos Bousvaros
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Attending Physician, Division of GI Hepatology and Nutrition, Director Endoscopy Suite, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Petar Mamula M.D. (Assistant Professor of Pediatrics) (Assistant Professor of Pediatrics)

  2. Attending Physician, Children’s Center for Digestive Health, Greenville Hospital System University Medical Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, South Carolina, USA

    Jonathan E. Markowitz M.D., M.S.C.E. (Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics) (Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics)

  3. Attending Physician and Director, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Division of GI, Hepatology and Nutrition. The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Robert N. Baldassano M.D. (Professor) (Professor)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bousvaros, A. (2008). Classification of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Mamula, P., Markowitz, J.E., Baldassano, R.N. (eds) Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73481-1_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73481-1_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-73480-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-73481-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation