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What Is a ‘Transitional’ Industry? The Uluzzian of Southern Italy as a Case Study

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Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions

Abstract

While the Uluzzian is one of the most widely known ‘transitional’ industries documented at the beginning of the European Upper Paleolithic, little is known about it beyond its typological characteristics. Despite this, it continues to be cited alongside the Szeletian and Châtelperronian industries as evidence for the behavior of the last Neanderthals resulting from their acculturation by modern humans bearing Aurignacian technology. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of the available data on the suites of behaviors embodied by the Uluzzian as well as some new data gleaned from key Uluzzian assemblages that permit an empirical assessment of these behaviors. It closes with a discussion of whether this evidence agrees with the meaning of the term ‘transitional industry’ in the context of the debate over Neanderthal acculturation by modern humans. It is concluded that continued use of this term is misleading, as it inappropriately implies the existence of sociocultural processes unlikely to be reflected by the Uluzzian as an industry.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Marta Camps and Parth Chauhan for inviting me to contribute to this volume, and for their great help and patience. Michael Barton, Geoff Clark, Curtis Marean, Steven Kuhn, and Bill Kimbel commented on various aspects of the research summarized here, and an anonymous reviewer provided very helpful suggestions. This work was funded by the US National Foundation, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the British School at Rome, and various funding sources at Arizona State University.

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  1. Department of Anthropology, Leacock Building, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Julien Riel-Salvatore

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  1. Julien Riel-Salvatore
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Anthropology, George Washington University, G Street NW., 2110, Washington, 20052, U.S.A.

    Marta Camps

  2. CRAFT Stone Age Institute, Indiana University, W. Dittemore Road 1392, Gosport, 47433-9531, U.S.A.

    Parth Chauhan

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Riel-Salvatore, J. (2009). What Is a ‘Transitional’ Industry? The Uluzzian of Southern Italy as a Case Study. In: Camps, M., Chauhan, P. (eds) Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76487-0_25

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