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The Role of Apolipoprotein APO A-IV in Eating Behavior and Diet

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Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition

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Abstract

Apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) is a glycoprotein secreted together with triglyceride (Tg)-rich lipoproteins by the small intestine. In rodents, apo A-IV is secreted both in the intestine and the liver, the former being the major organ responsible for circulating apo A-IV. Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is stimulated by fat absorption, and attenuated by intravenous leptin infusion. Intestinal apo A-IV secretion is also influenced by members of the pancreatic polypeptide family. Recently, apo A-IV has been found in hypothalamus, where it is regulated by food deprivation and lipid feeding. Several hormones, as long as nutritional status and circadian rhythms, appear to regulate apo A-IV synthesis and secretion both in the gastroenteric tract and in the hypothalamus. Central administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) significantly increases apo A-IV mRNA levels. A role of apo A-IV in the regulation of food intake has been suggested and many evidences sustain this hypothesis. Many studies have provided information about the effects of a fat-rich diet or high-carbohydrates diet on apo A-IV concentration in animals. Inhibition of food intake by apo A-IV is mediated centrally and apo A-IV appears to be involved both in short and long-term regulation of food assumption. The main purpose of this chapter is to explain the role of apo A-IV in food intake regulation and illustrate future perspectives and unsolved problems in this field. Relation between apo A-IV and obesity, other metabolic diseases, pharmacological treatments for obesity, and dyslipidemia will be discussed too.

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Abbreviations

TC:

Total cholesterol

HDL:

High-density lipoproteins

LDL:

Low-density lipoproteins

Tg:

Triglyceride; triglycerides

Apo A-IV:

Apolipoprotein A-IV

PYY:

Peptide Y

NPY:

Neuropeptide Y

HNF-4:

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4

PGC-1:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1

BMI:

Body mass index

CCK:

Cholecystokinin

LCAT:

Cholesterol acyl transferase

OFLT:

Oral fat load test

AUC:

Area under curve

POMC:

Pro-opiomelanocortin

ABCA 1:

ATP binding cassette transporter 1

CETP:

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein

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The authors certify that have no affliation with, or financial involvement in any organization or entity with a direct financial intrest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Giuseppe Derosa

Authors
  1. Giuseppe Derosa
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  2. Sibilla Anna Teresa Salvadeo
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Derosa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College, Stamford St. 150, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Arizona Health Science Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. Room 4335, Tucson, 85724-5155, Arizona, USA

    Ronald Ross Watson

  3. University of the West of Scotland, Ayr Campus, Ayr, KA8 0SR, United Kingdom

    Colin R. Martin

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Derosa, G., Salvadeo, S.A.T. (2011). The Role of Apolipoprotein APO A-IV in Eating Behavior and Diet. In: Preedy, V., Watson, R., Martin, C. (eds) Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_21

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