Abstract
Migration from China to Africa has intensified of late on the back of initiatives by the Chinese government. Despite being a significant issue, there has been no systematic attempt to assess the economic, social and political impacts of it. This paper begins by setting out broad analytical dimensions covering the motivations to migrate and wider processes of development. The paper then assesses available data on migration trends, which are marked by speculation. Two further sections cover the policies of China towards internationalisation and Africa and the economic and sociopolitical dimensions, respectively. Economically, many large-scale Chinese firms operate in key resource sectors, but for most Africans, the Chinese presence is marked by traders in the markets. Socially, the Chinese have been welcomed in Africa although integration has been limited. However, tensions have arisen in some countries and have been exploited by African politicians.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abdalla Ali, A. (2007) The political economy of relations between Sudan and China. In: G. Le Pere (ed.) China in Africa: Mercantilist Predator of Partner in Development? Braamfontein: Institute for Global Dialogue and South African Institute for International Affairs, pp. 172–185.
Alden, C. (2007) China in Africa. London: Zed Books.
Amankwah, A. (2005) 23 000 Jobs gone to the wind, http://allafrica.com/stories/200510241023.html, accessed 5 June 2006.
Baregu, M. (2008) The three faces of the dragon: Tanzania–China relations in historical perspective. In: K. Ampiah and S. Naidu (eds.) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? African and China. Scottsville, KY: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, pp. 152–166.
Bayart, J. (1993) The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly. Harlow, UK: Longman.
Biao, X. (2003) Emigration from China: A sending country perspective. International Migration 41 (3): 21–48.
Bosshard, P. (2007) China’s role in financing African infrastructure, International Rivers Network, http://www.irn.org/pdf/china/ChinaEximBankAfrica.pdf.
Brautigam, D. (1998) Chinese Aid and African Development: Exporting Green Revolution. Basingtoke, UK: Macmillan; and New York: St Martin’s Press.
Brautigam, D. (2003) Close encounters: Chinese business networks as industrial catalysts in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Affairs 102: 447–467.
Broadman, H. (2007) Africa’s Silk Road: China and India’s New Economic Frontier. Washington DC: World Bank.
Campos, I. and Vines, A. (2008) Angola and China: A pragmatic partnership?. Centre for Strategic and International Studies, http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_pubs/task,view/id,4510/, accessed 23 September 2008.
Centre for Chinese Studies (CCS) (2007) China’s Interest and Activity in Africa’s Construction and Infrastructure Sectors. Stellenbosch: CCS, Stellenbosch University.
Chang, S. (1968) The distribution and occupations of overseas Chinese. Geographical Review 58 (1): 89–107.
Colombant, N. (2006) West Africa attracts influx of Chinese entrepreneurs. Voice of America News, 19 May 2006, http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006–05/2006–05–19–voa52.cfm?CFID= 35359297&CFTOKEN=68547720.
Corkin, L. (2008a) All’s fair in loans and war: The development of China–Angola relations. In: K. Ampiah, and S. Naidu (eds.) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? African and China. Scottsville, KY: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, pp. 108–123.
Corkin, L. (2008b) Chinese migrants to Africa: A historical overview. The China Monitor 26: 4–5.
Crawford, D. (2000) Chinese capitalism: Cultures, the Southeast Asian region and economic globalization. Third World Quarterly 21 (1): 69–86.
Curtis, D. (2008) Partner or predator in the heart of Africa? Chinese engagement with the DRC. In: K. Ampiah and S. Naidu (eds.) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? African and China. Scottsville, KY: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, pp. 86–107.
Davidson, B. (1992) The Black Man’s Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State. Oxford: James Currey.
Dobler, G. (2008) Solidarity, xenophobia and the regulation of Chinese businesses in Namibia. In: C. Alden, D. Large, and R. Soares de Oliveira (eds.) China Returns to Africa: A Rising Power and a Continent Embrace. London: Hurst, pp. 237–255.
ECOWAS-SWAC/OECD. (2006) Atlas on regional integration in West Africa, www.atlas-westafrica.org.
Foster, V., Butterfield, W., Chuan, C. and Pushak, N. (2008) Building Bridges: China’s Growing Role as Infrastructure Financier for Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC: World Bank.
Fraser, A. and Lungu, J. (2007) For whom the windfalls? Winners and losers in the privatization of Zambia’s copper mines. Civil Society Trade Network of Zambia, Lusaka, http://www.revenuewatch.org/documents/windfalls_20070307.pdf.
French, H. and Polgreen, L. (2007) Chinese flocking in numbers to a new frontier: Africa. International Herald Tribune, 17 August, http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/17/news/malawi.php.
Gilroy, P. (2004) After Empire. London: Routledge.
Gould, W. (1995) Ideology and data analysis in African population policies in the case of Kenya. Applied Geography 15 (3): 203–218.
Gong, S. (2007) Chinese workers in Africa. Unpublished paper presented at the conference Rethinking Africa’s ‘China Factor’: Identifying Players, Strategies, and Practices, 27 April 2007, http://www.globalization-africa.org/papers/80.pdf.
Hart, G. (1996) Global Connections: The Rise and Fall of a Taiwanese Production Network on the South African Periphery. University of California, Berkeley, California: Institute of International Studies. Working Paper no. 6.
Hart, G. (2001) Development critiques in the 1990s: Cul de sac and promising paths. Progress in Human Geography 25 (4): 649–658.
Haugen, H. and Carling, J. (2005) On the edge of the Chinese diaspora: The surge of Baihuo business in an African city. Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (4): 639–662.
Ho, C. (2008) The ‘doing’ and ‘undoing’ of community: Chinese networks in Ghana. China Aktuell 3: 45–76.
Hsu, E. (2007) Zanzibar and its Chinese communities. Population, Space and Place 13: 113–124.
Kaplinsky, R. and Morris, M. (2006) The Asian drivers and SSA: MFA quota removal and the portents for African industrialisation, http://asiandrivers.open.ac.uk/documents/Kaplinsky_Morris_ADs_and_SSA_OECD_Final_May_06.pdf.
Kaplinsky, R. (2008) What does the rise of China do for industrialization in SSA? Review of African Political Economy 35 (1): 7–22.
Lee, M. (2007) Uganda and China: Unleashing the power of the dragon. In: H. Melber (ed.) China in Africa. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.
Li, A. (2005) Chinese diaspora in Africa. Bejing: Peking University Centre on Overseas Chinese.
Li, Z., Xue, D., Lyons, M. and Brown, A. (2007) Ethnic enclave of transnational migrants in guangzhou: A case study of Xiaobei, http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~curs/Abstracts%20and%20Fullpapers/05/07.doc, accessed 8 April 2009.
Live, Y. (2005) Reunion island. In: L. Pan (ed.) The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University, pp. 356–359.
Ma, L. (2002) Space, place and transnationalism in the Chinese diaspora. In: L. Ma and C. Cartier (eds.) The Chinese Diaspora: Space, Place, Mobility and Identity. Lanham, MD: Roman & Littlefield, pp. 1–50.
Manji, F. (2007) Preface. In: F. Manji and S. Marks (eds.) African Perspectives on China in Africa. Cape Town: Fahamu/Pambazuka, pp. vii–viii.
McGreal, C. (2007) Thanks China, now go home: buy-up of Zambia revives old colonial fears. The Guardian online, February 5, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/feb/05/china. chrismcgreal.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (2006) China’s Africa Policy, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t230615.htm, accessed 4 January 2008.
Mohan, G. and Power, M. (2008) New African choices? The politics of Chinese engagement-with African development. Review of African Political Economy 35 (115): 23–42.
Mung, M.E. (2008) Chinese migration and China’s foreign policy in Africa. Journal of Overseas Chinese 4: 91–109.
Naidu, S. (2008) Balancing a strategic partnership? South Africa–China relations. In: K. Ampiah and S. Naidu (eds.) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? African and China. Scottsville, KY: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, pp. 167–191.
Ndulo, M. (2008) Chinese investments in Africa: A case study of Zambia. In: K. Ampiah and S. Naidu (eds.) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? African and China. Scottsville, KY: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, pp. 138–151.
Nyiri, P. (2006) The yellow man’s burden: Chinese migrants on a civilizing mission. The China Journal 56: 83–106.
Ogunsanwo, A. (2008) A tale of two giants: Nigerian and China. In: K. Ampiah and S. Naidu (eds.) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? African and China. Scottsville, KY: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, pp. 192–207.
Obiorah, N. (2007) Who’s afraid of China in Africa? Towards an African civil society perspective on China–Africa relations. In: F. Manji and S. Marks (eds.) African Perspectives on China in Africa. Cape Town: Fahamu/Pambazuka, pp. 35–56.
Pan, L. (ed.) (2005) The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University.
Park, Y. (2006) Sojourners to settlers: Early constructions of Chinese identity in South Africa, 1879–1949. African Studies 65 (2): 201–231.
Park, Y. (2008) State, myth, and agency in the construction of Chinese South African identities, 1948–1994. Journal of Overseas Chinese 4 (1): 69–90.
Pickles, J. and Woods, J. (1989) Taiwanese investment in South Africa. African Affairs 88: 507–528.
Poston Jr., D.L., Mao, M.X. and Yu, M.Y. (1994) The global distribution of the overseas Chinese around 1990. Population and Development Review 20 (3): 631–645.
Portes, A. and Jensen, L. (1987) What’s an ethnic enclave? The case for conceptual clarity. American Sociological Review 52: 768–771.
Portes, A. and Sensenbrenner, J. (1993) Embeddedness and immigration: Notes on the social determinants of economic action. American Journal of Sociology 98 (6): 1320–1350.
Powell, A. (2007) Officials: 74 dead in attack on Chinese oil field in Ethiopia. The Independent, 25 April 2007, http://news.independent.co.uk/world/africa/article2483830.ece.
QiaoQing. (2005) 2002–2004 Year Book on Overseas Statistics by the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council, CCP, PRC, Adapted and translated from Zhang WanXin, 2005, HuaJiaoHuaRenGaiShu (Overseas Chinese Brief), Overseas Chinese in Africa, pp. 215–235.
Reno, W. (1995) Corruption and State Politics in Sierra Leone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sachikonye, L. (2008) Crouching tiger, hidden agenda? Zimbabwe–China relations. In: K. Ampiah and S. Naidu (eds.) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? African and China. Scottsville, KY: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, pp. 124–137.
Sautman, B. and Hairong, Y. (2007) Friends and interests: China’s distinctive links with Africa. African Studies Review 50 (3): 75–114.
Shen, I-Yao (2006) A Century of Chinese Exclusion Abroad. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
Silvey, R. (2004) Power, difference and mobility: Feminist advances in migration studies. Progress in Human Geography 28 (4): 490–506.
Snow, P. (1988) The Star Raft: China’s Encounter with Africa. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Sylvanus, N. (2007) ‘Chinese devils’? Perceptions of the Chinese in Lomé’s central market. Unpublished paper presented at the conference Rethinking Africa’s ‘China Factor’: Identifying Players, Strategies, and Practices, April 2007, http://www.globalization-africa.org/papers/82.pdf.
Taylor, I. (2007) Governance in Africa and Sino–African relations: Contradictions or confluence? Politics 27 (3): 139–146.
Thuno, M. (2001) Reaching out and incorporating Chinese overseas: The trans-territorial scope of the PRC by the end of the 20th century. The China Quarterly 168: 910–929.
Trofimov, Y. (2007) New management: in Africa China’s expansion begins to stir resentment: Investment boom fuels colonialism charges; a tragedy in Zambia. The Wall Street Journal: A1, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB117036261569895256-search.html?KEYWORDS=in+africa% 2C+china%27s +expansion+begins+to+stir+resentment&COLLECTION=wsjie/6month.
United Nations. (2007) Asian Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Towards a New Era of Cooperation Among Developing Countries. New York: United Nations.
Vandaele, J. (2008) China outdoes Europeans in Congo. Inter Press Service (Johannesburg), 8 February 2008, Sent to International Rivers’ mailing list on 12 February 2008.
Wheeler, N. (2004) A civic trend within ethnic transnationalism? Some insights from classical social theory and the Chinese American experience. Global Networks 4 (4): 391–408.
Wilhelm, J. (2006) The Chinese communities in South Africa. In: S. Buhlungu, J. Daniel, R. Southall, and J. Lutchman (eds.) State of the Nation: South Africa 2005–2006. Cape Town: HSRC Press, pp. 350–368.
Wong, M. (2006) Chinese workers in the garment industry in Africa: Implications of the contract labour dispatch system on the international labour movement. Labour, Capital and Society 39 (1): 69–111.
Xiang, B. (2005) Promoting Knowledge Exchange through Diaspora Networks: The Case of the PRC. Compas Report, http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/GCF/reta6117-prc.pdf.
Xinhua. (2008) Three Chinese workers kidnapped in South Nigeria. 09 May 2008, http://www.china.org.cn/international/news/2008–05/09/content_15129136. htm, accessed 17 September 2008.
Young, N. and Shih, J. (2003) The Chinese diaspora and philanthropy. Global Equity Initiative, Harvard University, http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~acgei/PDFs/PhilanthropyPDFs/Phil_Chinese_Diaspora.pdf.
Zetter, R., Griffiths, D., Sigona, N., Flynn, D., Pasha, T. and Beynon, R. (2006) Immigration, social cohesion and social capital: What are the links? York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, http://www.jrf.org.uk/bookshop/eBooks/9781899354440.pdf.
Zhang, W. and Wang, S. (2005) Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council, CCP, PRC. Adapted and translated from Zhang WanXin, 2005, HuaJiaoHuaRenGaiShu (Overseas Chinese Brief), Overseas Chinese in Africa, pp. 215–235.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mohan, G., Tan-Mullins, M. (2016). Chinese Migrants in Africa as New Agents of Development? An Analytical Framework. In: Henson, S., Yap, O.F. (eds) The Power of the Chinese Dragon. Palgrave Readers in Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-57449-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-57449-7_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-57765-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-57449-7
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)