Skip to main content

Theories of Decision-Making in Economics and Behavioural Science

  • Chapter
Surveys of Economic Theory

Abstract

Recent years have seen important new explorations along the boundaries between economics and psychology. For the economist, the immediate question about these developments is whether they include new advances in psychology that can fruitfully be applied to economics. But the psychologist will also raise the converse question—whether there are developments in economic theory and observation that have implications for the central core of psychology. If economics is able to find verifiable and verified generalisations about human economic behaviour, then these generalisations must have a place in the more general theories of human behaviour to which psychology and sociology aspire. Influence will run both ways.2

The author is Professor of Administration at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. This paper draws heavily upon earlier investigations with his colleagues in the Graduate School of Industrial Administration, carried out in library, field and laboratory, under several grants from the Ford Foundation for research on organisations. He is especially indebted to Julian Feldman, whose wide-ranging exploration of the so-called binary choice experiment [25] has provided an insightful set of examples of alternative approaches to a specific problem of choice. For bibliographical references see pp. 26–28.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. R. Andlinger, “Business Games—Play One,” Harvard Bus. Rev., Apr. 1958, 36, 115–25.

    Google Scholar 

  2. K. J. Arrow, “Alternative Approaches to the Theory of Choice in Risk-Taking Situations,” Econometrica, Oct. 1951, 19, 404–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. K. J. Arrow, T. E. Harris and J. Marschak, “Optimal Inventory Policy,” Econometrica, July 1951, 19, 250–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. K. J. Arrow and M. Nerlove, “A Note on Expectations and Stability,” Econometrica, Apr. 1958, 26, 297–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. K. J. Arrow, “Utilities, Attitudes, Choices,” Econometrica, Jan. 1958, 26, 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. D. Bakan, “Learning and the Principle of Inverse Probability,” Psych. Rev., Sept. 1953, 60, 360–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Bavelas, “A Mathematical Model for Group Structures,” Applied Anthropology Summer 1948, 7,16–30.

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. Beckmann, “Decision and Team Problems in Airline Reservations,” Econometrica, Jan. 1958, 26, 134–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Bellman. Dynamic Programming. Princeton 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  10. H. R. BOWEN, The Business Enterprise as a Subject for Research. New York 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  11. E. H. Bowman and R. B. Fetter, Analysis for Production Management. Homewood. Ill., 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  12. M. J. Bowman, ed., Expectations, Uncertainty, and Business Behavior. New York, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. Bruner, J. J. Goodnow and G. A. Austin, A Study of Thinking. New York 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  14. R. R. Bush and F. Mosteller, Stochastic Models for Learning. New York 1955.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  15. C. W. Churchman, R. L. Ackoff and E. L. Arnoff, Introduction to Operations Research. New York 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  16. W. G. Cochran, Sampling Techniques. New York 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  17. R. M. Cyert and J. G. March, “Organizational Structure and Pricing Behavior in an Oligopolistic Market.” Am. Econ. Rev., Mar. 1955, 45, 129–39.

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. M. Cyert and J. G. March, “Organizational Factors in the Theory of Oligopoly,” Quart. Jour. Econ., Feb. 1956, 70, 44–64.

    Google Scholar 

  19. W. Darcovich, “Evaluation of Some Naive Expectations Models for Agricultural Yields and Prices,” in Bowman [12], Ch. 14, pp.199–202.

    Google Scholar 

  20. D. Davidson and P. Suppes, Decision Making: An Experimental Approach. Stanford 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  21. D. C. Dearborn and H. A. Simon, “Selective Perception: A Note on the Departmental Identification of Executives,” Sociometry, Tune 1958, 21, 140–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J. S. Earley, “marginal policies of ‘Excellently Managed’ Companies,” Am. Econ. Rev., Mar. 1956, 66, 44–70.

    Google Scholar 

  23. W. Edwards, “The Theory of Decision Making,” Psych. Bull., Sept. 1954, 51, 380–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. R. Eisner, “Expectations, Plans, and Capital Expenditures,” in Bowman [12], Ch. 12,165–88.

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. Feldman, “A Theory of Binary Choice Behavior,” Carnegie Inst. of Tech., Grad. Sch. Indus. Admin., Complex Information Processing Working Paper No. 12, rev., May 5, 1958. Unpublished ditto.

    Google Scholar 

  26. B. de Finetti “La prevision: ses lois logiques, ses sources subjectives,” Annales Inst. Henri Poincare, 1937, 7, 1–68.

    Google Scholar 

  27. M. Friedman, Essays in Positive Economics. Chicago 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. Friedman, A Theoroy of the Consumption Function. New York 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  29. I. Friend, “Critical Evaluation of Surveys of Expectations, Plans, and Investment Behavior.” in Bowman [12]. Ch. 13, pp.189–98.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. K. Galbraith, American Capitalism: The Concept of Countervailing Power. Boston 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  31. H. L. Gelernter and N. Rochester, “Intelligent Behavior in Problem-Solving Machines,” IBM Jour. Research and Develop., Oct. 1958, 2, 336–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. N. Georgescu-Roegen, “The Nature of Expectation and Uncertainty” in Bowman [12], 1. Ch. 1 pp.11–29.

    Google Scholar 

  33. G. L. GODWIN, “Digital Computers Tap Out Designs for Large Motors— Fast,” Power, Apr. 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Z. Griliches, “Hybrid Corn: An Exploration in the Economics of Technological Change,” Econometrica, Oct. 1957, 25, 501–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. H. Guetzkow and H. A. Simon, “The Impact of Certain Communication Nets in Task Oriented Groups,” Management Sci., July 1955, 1, 233–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. B. F. Haley, ed., A Survey of Contemporary Economics, Vol. II. Homewood, Ill. 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  37. S. P. Hayes, “Some Psychological Problems of Economics,” Psych. Bull., July 1950, 47, 289–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. C. C. Holt, F. Modicliani and H. A. Simon, “A Linear Decision Rule for Production and Employment Scheduling,” Management Sci., Oct. 1955, 2, 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. G. Katona, Psychological Analysis of Economic Behavior. New York 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  40. G. Katona, “Rational Behavior and Economic Behavior,” Psych. Rev., July 1953, 60, 307–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. H. J. Leavitt, “Some Effects of Certain Communication Patterns on Group Performance,” Jour. Abnormal and Soc. Psych., Feb. 1951, 46, 38–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. K. Lewin and Others, “Level of Aspiration,” in J. McV. Hunt, Personality and the Behavior Disorders, New York 1944, pp.333–78.

    Google Scholar 

  43. R. D. Luce and H. Raiffa, Games and Decisions. New York 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  44. R. Mack, “Business Expectations and the Buying of Materials,” in Bowman [12]. Ch. 8, pp.106–18.

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. G. March and H. A. Simon. Organizations. New York 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  46. J. Marschak, “Elements for a Theory of Teams,” Management Sci., Jan. 1955, 1, 127–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. K. O. MAY, “Intransitivity, Utility, and the Aggregation of Preference Patterns.” Econometrica. Tan. 1954. 22, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. F. Modigliani and R. E. Brumberg, “Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function,” in K. K. Kurihara, Post Keynesian Economics, New Brunswick, N.J., 1954, pp.388–436.

    Google Scholar 

  49. F. Mosteller and P. Nogee, “An Experimental Measurement of Utility,” Jour. Pol Econ., Oct. 1951, 59, 371–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. J. Von Neumann and O. Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  51. A. Newell and H. A. Simon, “The Logic Theory Machine,” IRE Transactions of Information Theory, Sept. 1956, IT-2,61–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. A. Newell, J. C. Shaw and H. A. Simon, “Empirical Explorations of the Logic Theory Machine,” Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference, Feb. 26–28, 1957, pp.218–30.

    Google Scholar 

  53. A. Newell, J. C. Shaw and H. A. Simon, “Elements of a Theory of Human Problem Solving,” Psych. Rev., May 1958, 65, 151–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. A. Newell, J. C. Shaw and H. A. Simon, “Chess-Playing Programs and the Problem of Complexity,” IBM Jour. Research and Develop. Oct. 1958, 2, 320–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. A. G. Papandreou, “Some Basic Problems in the Theory of the Firm,” in Haley [36], Ch. 5, pp.183–222.

    Google Scholar 

  56. M. J. Peck, “Marginal Analysis and the Explanation of Business Behavior Under Uncertainty.” in Bowman [12], Ch. 9. pp.119–33.

    Google Scholar 

  57. F. P. Ramsey, “Truth and Probability,” in the Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays, London 1931, pp.156–98.

    Google Scholar 

  58. A. M. Rose, “A Study of Irrational Judgments,” Jour. Pol. Econ., Oct. 1957, 65, 394–402.

    Google Scholar 

  59. L. J. Savage, The Foundations of Statistics. New York 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  60. T. C. Schelling, “Bargaining, Communication, and Limited War,” Jour. Conflict Resolution, Mar. 1957, 1, 19–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. T. C. Schelling, “An Essay on Bargaining,” Am. Econ. Rev., Tune 1956. 46, 281–306.

    Google Scholar 

  62. S. Siegel, “Level of Aspiration and Decision Making,” Psych. Rev., July 1957, 64, 253–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. H. A. Simon, “Dynamic Programming Under Uncertainty with a Quadratic Criterion Function,” Econometrica, Jan. 1956, 24, 74–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. H. A. Simon, Administrative Behavior. New York 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  65. H. A. Simon, Models of Man. New York 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  66. H. A. Simon, “The Role of Expectations in an Adaptive or Behavioristic Model,” in Bowman [12], Ch. 3 pp.49–58.

    Google Scholar 

  67. H. A. Simon and C. P. Bonini, “The Size Distribution of Business Firms,” Am. Econ. Rev., Sept. 1958, 48, 607–17.

    Google Scholar 

  68. H. Theil. Economic Forecasts and Policy. Amsterdam 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  69. L. L. Thurstone, “The Indifference Function,” Jour. Soc. Psych., May 1931, 2, 139–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. A. Vazsonyl, Scientific Programming in Business and Industry. New York 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  71. A. WALD, Statistical Decision Functions. New York 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  72. T. Wilson and P. W. S. Andrews, Oxford Studies in the Price Mechanism. Oxford 1951.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 1966 The Royal Economic Society and the American Economic Association

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Simon, H.A. (1966). Theories of Decision-Making in Economics and Behavioural Science. In: Surveys of Economic Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00210-8_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics