Skip to main content

What is ‘a Normal CO2’?

  • Chapter
Respiratory Psychophysiology

Part of the book series: Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium Series ((WGS))

  • 10 Accesses

Abstract

Studies of respiratory gas tensions commonly rely on assessments of steady-state mean values. In making such assessments, variance is assumed to be the result of random fluctuation or noise of ill-defined origin. However, the existence of time-dependent changes in minute volume, which would be expected to produce changes in alveolar and arterial gas tensions, has been generally recognised since their observation in a pathological condition by Cheyne (1818) and Stokes (1854), and was probably first described by Hippocrates in the 5th century (Major, 1965).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Asmussen, E. (1977). Regulation of respiration: “The Black Box”. Acta Physiol. Scand., 99, 85–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bülow, K. (1963). Respiration and wakefulness in man. Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl., 209, 59, 1–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheyne, J.A. (1818). A case of apoplexy in which the fleshy part of the heart was converted into fat. Dublin Hosp. Rept. 2, 216–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dejours, P., Puccinelli, J., Armand, J. and Dicharry M. (1966). Breath-to-breath variations in pulmonary gas exchange in resting man. Respir. Physiol. 1, 265–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R.A. and Yates, F. (1953). In Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 9–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautier, H. (1979). Respiratory Pattern of Human Subjects during Hypoxia, Hypercapnia or Changes in the Level of Wakefulness. In Central Nervous Control Mechanisms in Breathing. (eds. C. von Euler and H. Lagercrantz). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 407–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillam, P.M.S. (1972). Patterns of respiration in human beings at rest and during sleep. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. 8, 1059–1070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, L. (1964). Oscillatory behaviour of ventilation in resting man. IEEE Trans, on Bio-Medical Engineering, BME-11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, L., Alexander, D.M., and Fleming, D.G. (1966). Oscillatory behaviour of respiratory gas exchange in resting man. IEEE Trans, on Bio-Medical Engineering, BME-13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guz, A., Macrae, K., Murphy, K., Shea, S. and Walter, J. (1985). The effect of opening the eyes and reading on resting ventilation in man. J. Physiol. 365, p. 101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hlastala, M.P., Wranne, B., and Lenfant, C.J. (1973). Cyclical variations in FRC and other respiratory variables in resting man. J. Appl. Physiol. 34, 670–676.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, J.I. (1987). An analysis of breath-to-breath variability in steady states of breathing in man. Doctoral Thesis, University of Aarhus, Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenfant, C. (1967). Time-dependent variations of pulmonary gas exchange in normal man at rest. J. Appl. Physiol. 22, 675–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnussen, G. (1944). A Contribution of the Physiology to the Sleep Function. In Studies on the Respiration During Sleep. Lewis, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Major, R.H. (1965). In Classic Descriptions of Disease, p. 548. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, J. (1982). Some factors affecting respiration. Doctoral Thesis, Oxford University, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, R.A., Carman, C.T., Serveringhaus, B.W., Richardson, M.M., and Schnider, S. (1965). Stability of cerebrospinal fluid pH in chronid acid-base disturbances in blood. J. Appl. Physiol. 20, 443–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilsbury, D.J. and Hibbert, G. (1987). An ambulatory system for long-term continuous monitoring of transcutaneous PCO2. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. 23, 9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priban, I.P. (1963). An analysis of some short-term patterns of breathing in man at rest. J. Physiol. London 166, 425–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stokes, W. (1854). In The Disease of the Heart and the Aorta, pp. 323–324. Dublin, Hodges and Smith.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 1988 The Wenner-Gren Center

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pilsbury, D., Hibbert, G. (1988). What is ‘a Normal CO2’?. In: von Euler, C., Katz-Salamon, M. (eds) Respiratory Psychophysiology. Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium Series. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10461-1_21

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics