Abstract
‘Dependency,’ or ‘Dependencia’ in the Latin American literature, is a many-splendored thing. It has had a variety of interpretations and has been the subject of a vast literature over the last two decades. Rather than attempting to provide a review of these — often conflicting — writings, this essay sets out to analyze the key propositions of the dependency school that are common to most, if not all, of those under its banner.
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A. Emmanuel, L’échange inégal (Paris: Francois Maspero, 1969); English translation, Unequal Exchange (New York; Monthly Review Press, 1972).
S. Amin, Le développement inégal (Paris: Les Editions de Minuit, 1973); English translation, Unequal Development (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976).
A. G. Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967).
C. Furtado, Formacao Economica do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro: Editôra Fundo de Cultura, 1959); English translation, The Economic Growth of Brazil (Berkeley, Cal.: University of California Press, 1963).
I. Wallerstein, The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1979).
It is a different question as to whether these authors may properly be considered Marxists. In ‘A Critical Assessment of Some Neo-Marxian Trade Theories, ’ Journal of Development Studies, XX (1984) pp. 202–26, H. D. Evans calls them neo-Marxists, but this is denied by Weaver and Jameson, according to whom‘neo-Marxists take as their starting point a critique of the weaknesses of dependency theory.’ J. Weaver and K. Jameson, Economic Development: Competing Paradigms (Washington, DC: Agency for International Development, 1978) p. 91. It is not our purpose here to enter into this debate or to deal with various shades of Marxist thought on development.
Future Results of British Rule in Indiay 1853 as cited in G. Palma, ‘Dependency and Development: A Critical Overview,’ in D. Seers (ed.), Dependency Theory: A Critical Reassessment (London: Frances Pinter, 1981) p. 26.
P. A. Baran, The Political Economy of Growth (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1957).
R. Prebisch, The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principal Problttns (Lake Success, NY: United Nations, 1950).
H. Singer, ‘The Distribution of Gains between Investing and Borrowing Countries,’ American Economic Review, XL (1950) pp. 473–85.
C. Furtado, ‘The Concept of External Dependence in the Study of Underdevelopment,’ in Charles K. Wilber (ed.), The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment (New York: Random House, 1973) pp. 118–23.
C. Furtado, ‘Marx’s Model in the Analysis of the Underdeveloped Economic Structures,’ in Marx and Contemporary Scientific Thought (London: Mouton Publishers, 1970) pp. 407–14.
S. Amin, ‘Some Tioughts on Self-Reliance Development, Collective Self-Reliance and the NIEO,’ paper presented to the Conference on the Past and Prospects of the Economic World Order (Stockholm: Institute for International Economics, 1978)
I. M. D. Little, Economic Development. Theory, Policy, and International Relations (New York: Basic Books for the Twentieth Century Fund, 1982).
H. D. Evans, ‘Trade, Production, and Self-Reliance,’ in Dudley Seers (ed.), Dependency Theory: A Critical Reassessment (London: Frances Pinter, 1981) pp. 119–34.
J. Spraos, Inequalizing Tradel (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983).
R. E. Lipsey, Price and Quantity Trends in the Foreign Trade of the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963).
C. P. Kindleberger, Terms of Trade, A European Case Study (London: Chapman & Hall, 1956).
I. B. Kravis, and R. E. Lipsey, ‘Prices and Terms of Trade for Developed Country Exports of Manufactured Goods,’ in B. Csikós-Nagy, D. Hague, and G. Hall (eds), The Economics of Relative Prices (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1984) pp. 415–45.
For a discussion of this issue, see Balassa ‘The Terms of Trade Controversy and the Evolution of Soft Financing: Early Years in the UN. Comment,’ in G. M. Meier and D. Seers (eds), Pioneers in Development (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984) pp. 304–11.
M. Michaely, Trade, Income Levels, and Dependence (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985).
B. Balassa and Associates, The Structure of Protection in Developing Countries (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971).
H. J. Bruton, ‘The Import Substitution Strategy of Economic Development: A Survey,’ Pakistan Development Review, X (1970) pp. 124–46.
World Bank, World Development Report 1981 (Washington, DC: 1981).
B. Balassa, ‘Adjustment Policies and Development Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1973–78,’ in M. Syrquin, L. Taylor, and L. E. Westphal (eds), Economic Structure and Performance, Essays in Honor of Hollis B. Chenery (New York: Academic Press, 1984) pp. 317–40.
Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas de Chile, Censo Nacional (Santiago, Chile: 1985).
G. P. Pfeffermann, ‘Latin America and the Caribbean: Economic Performance and Policies,’ The Southwestern Review of Management and Economics, II (1982) pp. 129–59.
B. Balassa and Associates, Development Strategies in Semi-Industrial Economies (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982).
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© 1989 Bela Balassa
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Balassa, B. (1989). ‘Dependency’ and Trade Orientation. In: New Directions in the World Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10588-5_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10588-5_5
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