Abstract
In May 1981, in the middle of the recession that followed the second oil shock, a group of workers from General Motors went on strike in Detroit waving placards. One of them asked bitterly: ‘Are you hungry? Eat your Toyota’. The American automotive industry was facing a crisis, and workers were laid off in large numbers by aging factories that were no longer able to compete. These were the years when Japanese producers of automobiles made their larger inroads in the vast American market. In 1980 Japanese firms had exported 1.82 million cars to the United States, taking a fifth of the US automobile market.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
C.M. Aho, Trade Talks, America Better Listen! (Washington, DC: Council for Foreign Relations, 1985).
K. Anderson and R.E. Baldwin, ‘The Political Market for Protection in Industrial Countries: Empirical Evidence’, World Bank Staff Working Paper No. 5, Washington, DC, 1981.
S.J. Anjaria, N. Kirmani and A.B. Petersen, Trade Policy Issues and Developments (Washington, DC: IMF, 1985).
S.J. Anjaria, Z. Iqbal, N. Kirmani and L.L. Perez, Developments in International Trade Policies (Washington, DC: IMF, 1982).
W.J. Baumol and N. McLennan, Productivity Growth and US Competitiveness (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985).
F. Bergsten and J. Williamson, ‘Exchange Rates and Trade Policies’, in W. Cline (ed.), Trade Policies in the 1980s (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1983) pp. 99–120.
Y. Berthelot and G. Tardy, Le défi économique du tiers monde, (Paris: La Documentation Française, 1978).
J. Bhagwati, Protectionism (Cambridge-London: MIT Press, 1988).
J. Bhagwati, ‘Protectionism, Old Wine in New Bottles’, Journal of Policy Modeling, I (1985).
G.P. Casadio, Multilateral Negotiations in the GATT Framework: An Analysis of Trade Policy Changes through Various GATT Rounds (Bologna: Universita’ di Bologna, 1987).
EC, I negoziati commerciali multilaterali del GATT (Brussels: Europa Informazione, 1979).
W.R. Cline, Trade Policy in the 80s (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1983).
W.M. Corden in Protection and Liberalization: A Review of Analytical Issues (Washington, DC: IMF, 1987).
F. Coricelli and P. Pesenti, ‘Approci recenti nella teoria del protezionismo strategico’, Universita Bocconi, Cespri Working Papers, No. 13, 1988.
Y. Funabashi, Managing the Dollar: From the Plaza to the Louvre (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1988).
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), The Tokyo Round Agreements (Geneva: GATT, 1986).
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Trade Policy for a Better Future (Geneva: GATT, 1985).
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Déclaration ministérielle sur les negotiations d’Uruguay (Geneva: GATT, 1986).
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Trade Negotiations Committee Meeting at Ministerial Level (Montréal: GATT, 1988).
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Services: Analytical Summary of Information Exchanged between Contracting Parties (Geneva: GATT, 1985).
E. Grilli, ‘The Macroeconomic Determinants of Trade Protection in the 1970s and 1980s’, The World Economy, 11 (1988) pp. 313–26.
E. Grilli, E. Sassoon, T. Treu and G. Vaciago, America oltre il boom (Milano: Edizioni del Sole-24 Ore, 1986).
W. Guth (ed.), Economic Policy Coordination (Hamburg: HWWA-IMF, 1988).
G.K. Helleiner, International Economic Disorder: Essays in North-South Relations (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981), chapter 3.
P.M. Henry, La CEE e la nuova divisione internazionale del lavoro (Milano: Eurostudio, 1979).
R.C. Hine, The Political Economy of European Trade (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985).
G.C. Hufbauer, Trade Protection in the United States — 31 Case Studies (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1986).
G.C. Hufbauer and J.J. Schott, Trading for Growth: The Next Round of Trade Negotiations (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1985).
H. Hughes and A.O. Krueger, ‘Effects of Protection in Developed Countries on Developing Countries’ Exports of Manufactures’, in R.E. Baldwin and A.O. Krueger (eds), The Structure and Evolution of Recent US Trade Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984).
M. Kelly, N. Kirmani, M. Xafa, C. Boonekamp and P. Winglee, Issues and Developments in International Trade Policies (Washington, DC: IMF, 1988).
M.B. Krauss, The New Protectionism: The Welfare State and International Trade (New York: New York University Press, 1978).
P.R. Krugman (ed.), Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986).
R.Z. Lawrence, Can America Compete? (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1984).
B. Nowzad, The Rise in Protectionism (Washington, DC: IMF, 1978).
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), L’incidence des nouveaux pays industriels (Paris: OECD, 1979).
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), The Impact of the Newly Industrializing Countries (Paris: OECD, 1981). Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), The Newly Industrializing Countries: Challenge and Opportunity for OECD Countries (Paris: OECD, 1988).
L.H. Olmer, US Manufacturing at a Crossroads (Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce, 1985).
F. Onida, Economia degli scambi internazionali (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1984).
E.H. Pregg, Hard Bargaining Ahead: US Trade Policy and Developing Countries (Washington, DC: Transaction Books, 1985).
D. Salvatore (ed.), The New Protectionist Threat to World Welfare (Amsterdam: North Holland, 1987).
E. Sassoon, L’economia Usa tra mito e realta’ (Milano: Rapporto Speciale Globalita’, 1986).
E. Sassoon, ‘L’economia americana tra crisi del dollaro e protezionismo’, Stati Uniti: mercati e opportunita’ per le PMI italiane (Milano: Edizioni del Sole-24 Ore, 1987).
E. Sassoon, ‘I negoziati commerciali del GATT dal Tokio Round all’Uruguay Round’, in C. Secchi and G. Sacerdoti (ed.), L’Uruguay Round del GATT (Milano: Edizioni Bocconi Comunicazione, 1987).
E. Sassoon, La rivoluzione invisible: verso la liberalizzazione deglii scambi internazionli di servizi (Milano: Rapporto Speciale Globalita’, 1989).
B.R. Scott and G.C. Lodge, US Competitiveness in the World Economy (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1985).
C. Stiling and J.N. Yochelson, Under Pressure: US Industry and the Challenge of Structural Adjustment (Washington, DC: Westview Press, 1985).
R.M. Stern, US Trade Policy in a Changing World Economy (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1987).
L. Thurow, The Zero-Sum Solution (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985).
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Protectionism and Structural Adjustment, TD/B/1126 (Geneva: 1987).
US Congress, Trade in Services: Export and Foreign Revenues (Washington, DC: Office of Technology and Assessment, 1986).
C. Winston (ed.), Blind Intersection? Policy and the Automobile Industry (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1987).
J. Zysman and L. Tyson, American Industry in International Competition (London: Cornell University Press, 1983).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1990 Enzo Grilli and Enrico Sassoon
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sassoon, E. (1990). Protectionism and International Trade Negotiations During the 1980s. In: Grilli, E., Sassoon, E. (eds) The New Protectionist Wave. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11064-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11064-3_1
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-11066-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-11064-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Economics & Finance CollectionEconomics and Finance (R0)