Abstract
The area of the Fertile Crescent, as well as the Middle East more generally, has been of importance to both superpowers. It has not, however, been of top priority for either. Mainly the conflicts in the region explain why it has been upon occasion catapulted to primary significance and urgency. Thus regional volatility shaped the interests of both superpowers, influencing their behavior as well as the nature of their commitments.
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Notes
George Breslauer, ‘Soviet Policy in the Middle East, 1967–1972: Unalterable Antagonism or Collaborative Competition?’, in A. George, Managing US-Soviet Rivalry (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1983), pp. 65–103
For the earliest period, see Christopher Sykes, Crossroads to Israel (London: Collins, 1965)
Yaacov Ro’i, Soviet Decision-Making in Practice (New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1980)
Jacob Hurewitz, Middle East Dilemmas: The Background of United States Policy (New York: Harper, 1953).
Superpower behavior in this crisis is discussed in Peter Calvocoressi, Suez Ten Years After (London: BBC, 1967)
Carol Ann Fisher and Fred Krinsky, Middle East in Crisis: A Historical and Documentary Review (Syracuse: University of Syracuse Press, 1959)
Mohamed Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Influence in the Middle East (London: Collins, 1978)
Yaacov Ro’i, From Encroachment to Involvement: A Documentary Study of Soviet Policy in the Middle East, 1945–1973 (New York: John Wiley, 1974)
Oles Smolansky, ‘Moscow and the Suez Crisis 1956: A Reappraisal’, Political Science Quarterly, vol. 80, no. 4 (December 1965), pp. 581–605
Hugh Thomas, Suez (New York: Harper and Row, 1967).
For the Six-Day War see Michael Brecher, Decisions in Israel’s Foreign Policy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975)
Arnold Horelick, ‘Soviet Policy in the Middle East’, in Paul Hammond and Sidney Alexander (eds), Political Dynamics in the Middle East (New York: American Elsevier, 1972); pp. 581–91
Lyndon Baines Johnson, The Vantage Point (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971)
Walter Laquer, The Struggle for the Middle East: The Soviet Union in the Middle East, 1958–1968 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969)
William Quandt, Decade of Decisions: American Policy Toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1967–1976 Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977)
Galia Golan, Yom Kippur and After: The Soviet Union and the Middle East Crisis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977)
Mohamed Heikal, The Road to Ramadan (New York: Quadrangle Books, 1975)
Marvin Kalb and Bernard Kalb, Kissinger (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974)
Henry Kissinger, The White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979)
Galia Golan, ‘The Soviet Union and the Israel Action in Lebanon’, International Affairs, vol. 59 (Winter 1982), pp. 7–16
Dina Spechler, ‘The Politics of Intervention: The Soviet Union and the Crisis in Lebanon’, Studies in Comparative Communism, vol. XX, no. 22 (Summer 1987), pp. 115–43.
For these negotiations see, Breslauer,’ soviet Policy in the Middle East’; Quandt, Decade of Decisions; Lawrence Whetten, The Canal War: Four Power Conflict in the Middle East (Boston: MIT University Press, 1974).
See William Quandt, Camp David: Peacemaking and Politics (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1986), pp. 39–40.
George Kent, ‘Congress and American Middle East Policy’, in W. A. Beling (ed.), The Middle East: Quest for an American Policy (New York: State University of New York Press, 1973)
Robert Hunter, ‘American Policy in the Middle East’, Royal Central Asian Journal, vol. 55 (October 1968), pp. 265–75
William Quandt, ‘The Middle East Conflict in US Strategy, 1970–1971’, Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 1 (1971), pp. 39–52.
Galia Golan, ‘Soviet Decision-Making in the Yom Kippur War’, in Jiri Valenta and William Potter (eds), Soviet Decisionmaking for National Security (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1983), pp. 185–217
Galia Golan, The Soviet Union and National Liberation Movements in the Third World (London: Unwin and Hyman, 1988)
Dina Spechler, Domestic Influences on Soviet Foreign Policy (New York: University Press of America, 1978)
Golan, Yom Kippur and After, Chapter 2; John Glassman, Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975)
Anwar Sadat, In Search of Identity: An Autobiography (New York: Harper and Row, 1977)
Mohamed Heikal, Road to Ramadan (New York: Ballantine Books, 1975).
Cited in Galia Golan, Gorbachev’s ‘New Thinking’ on Terrorism (New York: Praeger and the Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1990), pp. 54–64.
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© 1991 Roger E. Kanet and Edward A. Kolodziej
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Golan, G. (1991). Superpower Cooperation in the Middle East. In: Kanet, R.E., Kolodziej, E.A. (eds) The Cold War as Cooperation. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11605-8_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11605-8_5
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