Intergroup Behaviour and the Nature of Prejudice

Abstract

Intergroup relations cannot be overestimated in terms of their impor­tance in shaping human interaction and participation at all levels in society and internationally. Conflict, hostility, strife and prejudice may all be consequences of an intergroup relationship. But how do inter­group relations arise? Are the negative outcomes inevitable or can such consequences be controlled? In this chapter an attempt will be made to answer such questions. The starting point of the chapter is to examine the fundamental, psychological basis of intergroup behaviour which is the process of categorization. People differentiate between each other in terms of their group membership and this leads to further discrimination. Next an appraisal is made of the effects of competition and conflict on intergroup relations; this is illustrated by a description of the classic study of intergroup behaviour by Sherif (1966). It is suggested that competition and conflict are not necessary conditions for intergroup behaviour to occur, but they are sufficient conditions. Other aspects of intergroup behaviour are examined in terms of, for example, the conditions favouring out-group favouritism and how fairness is meted out within a group engaged in intergroup ‘hostilities’. Additionally, the need to maintain a balance between the interperson­al and intergroup aspects of relations in a bargaining context are illustrated Finally, the chapter is concluded with an overview of the ways in which intergroup conflict may be handled.