Abstract
The enduring problem of Russia throughout the nineteenth century was whether to look towards the western example, and seek to modernise an archaic society, economy and administration, or to turn away from these influences. Both of these policies shared the same danger; that in different ways they could provoke growing tensions within Russia. The dilemma of an eastward or westward-looking Russia is a recurrent theme in Russian history.
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Further Reading
Freeborn, R., A Short History of Modern Russia (Hodder & Stoughton, 1966).
Kochan, L., The Making of Modern Russia (Pelican, 1963).
Sumner, B. H., Survey of Russian History (Methuen, 1961).
Westwood, J. N., Endurance and Endeavour: Russian History 1812–1971 (Oxford, 1973).
Mosse, W. E., Alexander II and the Modernisation of Russia (English Universities Press, 1958).
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© 1988 Stuart T. Miller
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Miller, S.T. (1988). Imperial Russia 1801–81. In: Mastering Modern European History. Macmillan Master Series. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19580-0_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19580-0_10
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