Abstract
During the past two decades the international system has undergone great changes. New powers have emerged. Bipolarity has given way to multipolarity. Multipolarity is more evident in Asia than in any other region, including Europe. And as Soviet-American strategic competition is diminishing, the increasing economic, political and strategic weight of Japan, China and India is coming more and more into focus.
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Notes
The Canberra Times, 19 February, 1990.
John Seeger, Straits Times, 24 June, 1989.
Muhammad Jusuf, ‘India and Strategic Developments in the Indian Ocean’, Telstra, 02–1989, p. 50.
Ashequa Irshad, Indian Military Power and Policy, as quoted from Baldev Raj Nayar’s ‘A World Role: The Dialectics of Purpose and Power’, BliSS Journal, vol. 10, no. 4, 1989, p. 389.
Ibid.
D.G.E. Hall, A History of Southeast Asia, Second Edition, London — Macmillan & Co Ltd, New York—St Martins Press, 1964, p. 16.
Ibid, p. 19.
Ray S. Cline argued that national power ‘is determined in part by the military forces and the military establishment of a country but even more by the size and location of territory, the nature of frontiers, the population, the raw-material resources, the economic structure, the technological development, the financial strength, the ethnic mix, the social cohesiveness, the stability of political processes and decisionmaking, and, finally the intangible quantity usually described as national spirit.’ See Ray S. Cline, World Power Assessment, A Calculus of Strategic Drift, Georgetown University, The Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, 1975, p. 11.
Bhabani Sen Gupta, ‘The Indian Doctrine’, India Today, 31 August, 1983.
Mohammed Ayoob, Developments in the Subcontinent — The PostBangladesh Phase in K. Subrahmanyam (Ed.), ‘Self-Reliance and National Resilience’, Abhinav Publications, New Delhi, 1975, p. 12.
The five wars involving India’s territorial integrity and national security are: (1) With Pakistan over Kashmir in 1947; (2) The border war with China in 1962; (3) With Pakistan at the Rann of Kutch in April 1965; ( 4) With Pakistan in August 1965 (Operation Gibraltar and Operation Grand Slam launched by Pakistan against India); (5) The 1971 war with Pakistan resulting in the birth of Bangia Desh. See K. C. Pant, ‘Philosophy of Indian Defence’, Strategic Analysis, vol. XII no. 5, August, 1989, p. 479.
Pradyot Pradhan, ‘Indian Security Environment in the 1990s— External Dimension’, Strategic Analysis, vol. XII, no. VI, September, 1989, p. 653.
Ashequa Irshad, op. cit., p. 391.
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol. 9, 15th Edition, 1978, p. 423.
Mohammed Ayoob, op. cit.
K. R. Singh, ‘India and the Indian Ocean Region in the Coming Decade’. Paper presented at the lndo-Malaysian Seminar, New Delhi, 7–9 March, 1988.
Parminder S. Bhogal, ‘India’s Security Environment in the 1990s: The South Asian Factor’,Strategic Analysis, vol. XII, no. VII, October, 1989, p. 771.
The New Encyclopedia Britannica, op. cit., p. 425.
Time, 3 April , 1989.
Nilufar Choudhury, ‘The Indian Ocean: A Zone of Peace or A Zone of Conflict?’, BliSS Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, 1985, p. 247.
Ashequa Irshad, op. cit., p. 410.
Ibid.
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© 1992 Ross Babbage and Sandy Gordon
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Habib, A.H. (1992). Southeast Asian Perceptions of India’s Strategic Development: An Indonesian View. In: Babbage, R., Gordon, S. (eds) India’s Strategic Future. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21885-1_6
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