Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

SEISMIC ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURES BY A PRACTICE-ORIENTED METHOD

  • Conference paper
Extreme Man-Made and Natural Hazards in Dynamics of Structures

Part of the book series: NATO Security through Science Series ((NASTC))

Abstract

A relatively simple seismic analysis technique based on the pushover analysis of a multi-degree-of-freedom model and the response spectrum analysis of an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system, called the N2 method, has been developed at the University of Ljubljana and implemented in the European standard Eurocode 8. The method is formulated in the acceleration —displacement format, which enables the visual interpretation of the procedure and of the relations between the basic quantities controlling the seismic response. Its basic variant was restricted to planar structures. Recently the applicability of the method has been extended to plan-asymmetric buildings, which require a 3D structural model. In the paper, the N2 method is summarized and applied to two test examples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ayala, A. G., and Tavera, E. A., 2002, A new approach for the evaluation of the seismic performance of asymmetric buildings, Proc. 7th Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, EERI, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aydinoglu, M. N., 2003, An incremental response spectrum analysis procedure based on inelastic spectral displacements for multi-mode seismic performance evaluation, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 1(1):3–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertero, V.V., 1995, Tri-service manual methods, in Vision 2000, Part 2, Appendix J, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEN, 1994, Eurocode 8 – Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures, European prestandard ENV 1998, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEN, 2004a, Eurocode 8 – Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1, European standard EN 1998–1, December 2004, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEN, 2004b, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 3: Strengthening and repair of buildings (Stage 49), prEN 1998–3. May 2004, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chai, Y. H., Fajfar, P., and Romstad, K. M, 1998, Formulation of duration-dependent inelastic seismic design spectrum, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 124:913–921.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra, A. K., and Goel, R. K., 1999, Capacity-demand-diagram methods for estimating seismic deformation of inelastic structures: SDF systems, Report PEER-1999/02, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chopra, A. K., and Goel, R. K., 2002, A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 31:561–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra, A. K., and Goel, R. K., 2004, A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate seismic demands for unsymmetric-plan buildings, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 33(8):903–927.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cosenza, E., and Manfredi, G., 1992, Seismic analysis of degrading models by means of damage functions concept, in Nonlinear analysis and design of reinforced concrete buildings, P. Fajfar and H. Krawinkler, Eds., Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, 77–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuesta, I., Aschheim, M. A., and Fajfar, P., 2003, Simplified R-factor relationships for strong ground motions. Earthquake Spectra, 2003, 19, 25–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DolÅ¡ek, M., and Fajfar, P., 2004, IN2 – A simple alternative for IDA, Proc. 13th World Conf. Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 3353, Vancouver, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • DolÅ¡ek, M., and Fajfar, P., 2005, Simplified non-linear seismic analysis of infilled reinforced concrete frames, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 34(1):49–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elnashai A.S., 2001, Advanced inelastic static (pushover) analysis for earthquake applications. Structural engineering and mechanics 12(1):51–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., 1992, Equivalent ductility factors, taking into account low-cycle fatigue, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 21:837–848.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., 1999, Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 28:979–993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., 2000, A nonlinear analysis method for performance-based seismic design, Earthquake Spectra 16(3):573–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., 2002, Structural analysis in earthquake engineering –a breakthrough of simplified nonlinear methods, Proc. 12th European Conf. Earthquake Engineering, London, UK, Keynote lecture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., and Drobni, D., 1998, Nonlinear seismic analysis of the ELSA buildings, Proc. 11th European Conf. Earthquake Engineering, Paris, CD-ROM, Balkema, Rotterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., and Fischinger, M., 1987, Non-linear seismic analysis of RC buildings: Implications of a case study, European Earthquake Engineering 1: 31–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., and Fischinger, M., 1989, N2 – A method for non-linear seismic analysis of regular buildings, Proc. 9th World Conf. Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, Kyoto, 1988, Vol.5, 111–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., and GaÅ¡perÅ¡i, P., 1996, The N2 method for the seismic damage analysis of RC buildings, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 25:23–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., GaÅ¡perÅ¡i, P., and Drobni, D., 1997, A simplified nonlinear method for seismic damage analysis of structures, in Seismic design methodologies for the next generation of codes, P. Fajfar and H. Krawinkler, Eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, 183–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., Kilar, V., MaruÅ¡i, D., PeruÅ¡, I., and Magliulo, G., 2002, The extension of the N2 method to asymmetric buildings, Proc. 4th forum on Implications of recent earthquakes on seismic risk, Technical report TIT/EERG, 02/1, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 291–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar, P., MaruÅ¡i, D., and PeruÅ¡, I., 2005, Torsional effects in the pushover-based seismic analysis of buildings, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, in print.

    Google Scholar 

  • FEMA, 2000, Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 356, Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, S. A., Nicoletti, J. P., and Tyrell, J.V., 1975, Evaluations of existing buildings for seismic risk – A case study of Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington, Proc. 1st U.S. National Conf. Earthquake Engineering, EERI, Berkeley, CA, 113–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, S. A., 1998, Development and use of capacity spectrum method, Proc. 6th U.S. National Conf. Earthquake Engineering, Seattle, CD-ROM, EERI, Oakland, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, K., Nakano, Y., and Sanada, Y., 2004, Simplified nonlinear analysis procedure for asymmetric buildings, Proc. 13th World Conf. Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, Paper No. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A., and Krawinkler, H., 2000, Estimation of seismic drift demands for frame structures, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 29:1287–1305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isakovi, T., Fischinger, M., and Kante P., 2003, Bridges: when a single mode seismic analysis is adequate?, Structures and Buildings 156:165–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kilar, V., and Fajfar, P., 1997, Simple pushover analysis of asymmetric buildings, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 26:233–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kilar, V., and Fajfar, P., 2001, On the applicability of pushover analysis to the seismic performance evaluation of asymmetric buildings, European Earthquake Engineering 15(1):20–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krawinkler, H. and Seneviratna, G. D. P. K., 1998, Pros and cons of a pushover analysis for seismic performance evaluation, Engineering Structures 20:452–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, K. N., 2002, 3-dimensional nonlinear static and dynamic structural analysis computer program CANNY 99, CANNY Consultants Pte Ltd., Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCabe, S. L., and Hall, W.J., 1989, Assessment of seismic structural damage, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 115:2166–2183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moghadam, A. S., and Tso, W.K., 2000, 3-D pushover analysis for damage assessment of buildings, Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (Tehran) 2(3):23–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • PeruÅ¡, I., PoljanÅ¡ek, K., and Fajfar, P., 2005, Flexural deformation capacity of rectangular RC columns determined by the CAE method, Submitted to Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, V., Powell, G. H., and Campbell, S., 1993, DRAIN-2DX Base program description and user guide, Version 1.10, Report No.UCB/SEMM-93/17&18, University of California, Berkeley, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinhorn, A. M., 1997, Inelastic analysis techniques in seismic evaluations, in Seismic design methodologies for the next generation of codes, P. Fajfar and H. Krawinkler, Eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, 277–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saiidi, M., and Sozen, M. A., 1981, Simple nonlinear seismic analysis of R/C structures, Journal of Structural Division, ASCE 107:937–952.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Ljubljana, SLOVENIA

    P. Fajfar

Authors
  1. P. Fajfar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, France

    Adnan Ibrahimbegovic

  2. University of Rijeka, Croatia

    Ivica Kozar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer

About this paper

Cite this paper

Fajfar, P. (2007). SEISMIC ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURES BY A PRACTICE-ORIENTED METHOD. In: Ibrahimbegovic, A., Kozar, I. (eds) Extreme Man-Made and Natural Hazards in Dynamics of Structures. NATO Security through Science Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5656-7_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation