The predicted growth in aquaculture production to 80–90 million tonnes year−1 in 2050 is constrained by important drivers, which can be divided into three main clusters: (1) a resource cluster (availability of resources such as space, feed and energy); (2) an attitudinal cluster (public and consumer attitudes, legislation etc.) and (3) an innovation cluster (new technology and market developments). This chapter discuss solutions to these bottlenecks based on the current status of aquaculture and possible developments in e.g. feed technology, off-shore and land-based farms. A model for the possible future interactions between the three clusters is discussed. From this analysis, it is concluded that a major challenge for aquaculture is to achieve better control of the feed availability in the future. Only if this can be realised, aquaculture may grow in a similar way as agriculture. Space for the industry and public environmental concern are other main driving factors of the development, but these constraints can most likely be mitigated through technological improvements.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aksnes DL, Blindheim J (1996) Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic and possible impact on population dynamics of Calanus finmarchicus. Ophelia 44(1–3):7–28.
Alonso-Rodriguez R, Paez-Osuna F (2003) Nutrients, phytoplankton and harmful algal blooms in shrimp ponds: a review with special reference to the situation in the Gulf of California. Aquaculture 219(1–4):317–336.
Alverson DL, Freeberg MH, Murawski SA, Pope JG (1994) A global assessment of bycatch and discards. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 339, FAO, Rome, 233 pp.
Aprahamian MW, Smith KM, McGinnity P, McKelvey S, Taylor J (2003) Restocking of salmonids–opportunities and limitations. Fisheries Research 62(2):211–227.
Asche F, Roll KH, Tveterås S (2007) Future trends in aquaculture: Productivity growth and increased production. Chapter 9 of this book.
Avnimelech Y, Ritvo G (2003) Shrimp and fish pond soils: processes and management. Aquaculture 220(1–4):549–567.
Bell JG, Waagbø R (2007) Safe and nutritious aquaculture produce: Benefits and risks of alternative sustainable aquafeeds. Chapter 6 of this book.
Blancheton JP (2000) Developments in recirculation systems for Mediterranean fish species. Aquacultural Engineering 22(1–2):17–31.
Brugere C, Ridler N (2004) Global aquaculture outlook in the next decades: An analysis of national aquaculture production forecasts 2030. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1001, Rome, FAO, 49 pp.
Caddy JF, Garibaldi L (2000) Apparent changes in the trophic composition of world marine harvests: the perspective from the FAO capture database. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:615–655.
Cohen JE (1995) How Many People Can the Earth Support, W.W. Norton, New York, USA.
Dempster T, Sanchez-Jerez P (2007) Aquaculture and coastal space management in Europe: an ecological perspective. Chapter 3 of this book.
FAO (1999) The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 1998. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Fast AW, Leung PS (2003) Rise and fall of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) culture in Hawaii: 1965–1999. Reviews in Fisheries Science 11(3):243–290.
Graslund S, Bengtsson BE (2001) Chemicals and biological products used in south-east Asian shrimp farming, and their potential impact on the environment–a review. Science of the total Environment 280(1–3):93–131.
Hall SJ, Mainprize BM (2005) Managing by-catch and discards: how much progress are we making and how can we do better? Fish and Fisheries 6:134–155.
Hinzpeter I, Shene C, Masson L (2006) Biotechnological alternatives for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids production. Grasas y Aceites 57(3):336–342.
Hites RA, Foran JA, Carpenter DO, Hamilton MC, Knuth BA, Schwager SJ (2004) Global assessment of organic contaminants in farmed salmon. Science 303(5655):226–229.
Islam MS (2005) Nitrogen and phosphorus budget in coastal and marine cage aquaculture and impacts of effluent loading on ecosystem: review and analysis towards model development. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50(1):48–61.
Mente E, Pierce GJ, Maria Begoña Santos MB, Neofitou C (2006) Effect of feed and feeding in the culture of salmonids on the marine aquatic environment: a synthesis for European aquaculture. Aquaculture International 14(5):499–522.
Moksness E, Kjørsvik E, Olsen Y (2004) Culture of cold-water marine fish. Blackwell, 528 pp.
Myers RA, Worm B (2003) Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature 423:280–283.
Napier JA, Sayanova O, Qi BX, Lazarus CM (2004) Progress toward the production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic plants. Lipids 39(11):1067–1075.
Neori A, Chopin T, Troell M, Buschmann AH, Kraemer GP, Halling C, Shpigel M, Yarish C (2004) Integrated aquaculture: rationale, evolution and state of the art emphasizing seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture. Aquaculture 231:361–391.
Nicol S, Endo Y (1997) Krill Fisheries of the World, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 367.
Olsen Y, Vadstein O, Slagstad D (2005) Assimilative carrying capacity: Contribution and impacts on the pelagic system. Aqua Culture Europe 2005 “Optimising the Future”, Trondheim, Norway, August 5–9, 2005. Plenary Keynote Presentation, Abstract.
Opsahl-Ferstad HG, Rudi H, Ruyter B, Refstie S (2003) Biotechnological approaches to modify rapeseed oil composition for applications in aquaculture. Plant Science 165:349–357.
Radwan SS (1991) Sources of C-20-polyunsaturated fatty-acids for biotechnological use. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 35(4):421–430.
Richard Q, Bouchaud JP (2005) Theory of collective opinion shifts: from smooth trends to abrupt swings. European Physical Journal B–Condensed Matter 47:151–159.
Svåsand T, Moksness E (2004) Marine stock enhancement and sea-ranching. In: Moksness E, Kjørsvik E, Olsen Y (eds) Culture of cold-water marine fish. Blackwell, 528 pp.
Tett P (2007) Fishfarm wastes in the ecosystem. Chapter 1 of this book.
Turner RK, Adger WN, Lorenzoni I (1998) Towards Integrated Modelling and Analysis in Coastal Zones: Principles and Practices. LOICZ Reports & Studies No. 11, iv + 122 pp. LOICZ IPO, Texel, The Netherlands.
Vannuccini S (2004) Overview of fish production, utilization, consumption and trade, based on 2002 data. FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistic Unit, Rome, Italy.
Vörösmarty CJ, Green P, Salisbury J, Lammer RB (2000) Global Water Resources: Vulnerability from Climate Change and Population Growth. Science 14(289):284–288.
Whitmarsh D, Palmieri MG (2007) Aquaculture in the coastal zone: pressures, interactions and externalities. Chapter 8 of this book.
WHO (2003) Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. WHO Technical Report Series 916, 160 pp.
Wijkström UN (2003) Short and long-term prospects for consumption of fish. Veterinary Research Communications. 27 Suppl. 1: 461–468.
Ye Y (1999) Historical consumption and future demand for fish and fishery products: Exploratory calculations for the years 2015–2030. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 946, FAO, Rome, Italy.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Olsen, Y., Otterstad, O., Duarte, C.M. (2008). Status and Future Perspectives of Marine Aquaculture. In: Holmer, M., Black, K., Duarte, C.M., Marbà, N., Karakassis, I. (eds) Aquaculture in the Ecosystem. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6810-2_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6810-2_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-6809-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-6810-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)