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Seaweed protoplasts: status, biotechnological perspectives and needs

  • Chapter
Nineteenth International Seaweed Symposium

Part of the book series: Developments in Applied Phycology ((DAPH,volume 2))

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Abstract

Protoplasts are living plant cells without cell walls which offer a unique uniform single cell system that facilitates several aspects of modern biotechnology, including genetic transformation and metabolic engineering. Extraction of cell wall lytic enzymes from different phycophages and microbial sources has greatly improved protoplast isolation and their yield from a number of anatomically more complex species of brown and red seaweeds which earlier remained recalcitrant. Recently, recombinant cell wall lytic enzymes were also produced and evaluated with native ones for their potential abilities in producing viable protoplasts from Laminaria. Reliable procedures are now available to isolate and culture protoplasts from diverse groups of seaweeds. To date, there are 89 species belonging to 36 genera of green, red and brown seaweeds from which successful protoplast isolation and regeneration has been reported. Of the total species studied for protoplasts, most belonged to Rhodophyta with 41 species (13 genera) followed by Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta with 24 species each belonging to 5 and 18 genera, respectively. Regeneration of protoplast-to-plant system is available for a large number of species, with extensive literature relating to their culture methods and morphogenesis. In the context of plant genetic manipulation, somatic hybridization by protoplast fusion has been accomplished in a number of economically important species with various levels of success. Protoplasts have also been used for studying foreign gene expression in Porphyra and Ulva. Isolated protoplasts are also exploited in numerous miscellaneous studies involving membrane function, cell structure, bio-chemical synthesis of cell walls etc. This article briefly reviews the status of various developments in seaweed protoplasts research and their potentials in genetic improvement of seaweeds, along with needs that must to be fulfilled for effective realization of the objectives envisaged for protoplast research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, India

    C. R. K. Reddy, Manoj K. Gupta, Vaibhav A. Mantri & Bhavanath Jha

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  1. C. R. K. Reddy
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  2. Manoj K. Gupta
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  3. Vaibhav A. Mantri
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  4. Bhavanath Jha
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Correspondence to C. R. K. Reddy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences Algal Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia

    Michael A. Borowitzka

  2. Acadian Seaplants Ltd., 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth, NS, B3B 1X8, Canada

    Alan T. Critchley

  3. Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Stefan Kraan

  4. Bezhin Rosco, 28 Rue de Perharidy, 29680, Roscoff, France

    Akira Peters

  5. Department of Biology, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway

    Kjersti Sjøtun

  6. Department of Marine Bioscience, Tokyo University of Marine Science & Technology, 4 Konan, Tokyo, Minato-ku, 108-8477, Japan

    Masahiro Notoya

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Reddy, C.R.K., Gupta, M.K., Mantri, V.A., Jha, B. (2007). Seaweed protoplasts: status, biotechnological perspectives and needs. In: Borowitzka, M.A., Critchley, A.T., Kraan, S., Peters, A., Sjøtun, K., Notoya, M. (eds) Nineteenth International Seaweed Symposium. Developments in Applied Phycology, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9619-8_22

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