Abstract
When traditional sites of access have been exhausted, there are some percutaneous and surgical options remaining. These are salvage procedures and often have limited durability. The patient is now on a rapidly descending slope towards mortality, and discussions with the patient and their family should ensue. Options can be divided into catheter, AVG/AVF options and other options. Most catheter options are exotic, and associated with a high morbidity or mortality. Routes for catheter placement include translumbar, transhepatic, and via collaterals in the neck, chest or abdomen. AVG/AVF options are primarily surgical options discussed below. However, one can also attempt to salvage former accesses.
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Rajan, D.K., Baumann, D.S. (2011). No Remaining Venous Access. In: Rajan, D. (eds) Essentials of Percutaneous Dialysis Interventions. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5657-6_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5657-6_24
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