Abstract
We attempt to create a comprehensive model for the origin and growth of astronomy in a culture. We show that it primarily follows four distinct phases that we classify as the initial, settlement, civilization and technology-based phases. Using examples from Indian prehistory and history we show that these phases mark distinct steps in the growth of astronomy in a culture. While the examples are taken from Indian culture, we suggest that it also should be possible to identify these phases in other cultures.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Armstrong, K., 2005. A Short History of Myths. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books.
Arunachalam, B., 2002. Heritage of Indian Sea Navigation. Mumbai, Maritime History Society.
Baity, E., 1973. Archaeoastronomy and ethnoastronomy. Current Anthropology, 14, 389–449.
Goodall, D., 1996. Hindu Scriptures. Phoenix Press.
Iqbal, N., Vahia, M.N., Masood, T., and Ahmad, A., 2009. Some early astronomical sites in the Kashmir region. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 12, 61–65.
Jain, V.K., 2006. Prehistory and Protohistory of India. New Delhi, D.K. Printworld (P) Ltd. (Perspectives of Indian Art and Archaeology, No. 7).
Jamison, S.W., and Witzel, M., 1992. Vedic Hinduism. www.people.fas.harvard.edu/∼witzel/vedica.pdf.
Joglekar, H., Gangal, K., Vahia, M.N., and Sule, A., 2010. Oldest sky-chart with supernova record. Puratattva; see: http://www.tifr.res.in/∼vahia/oldest-sn.pdf.
Kameshwar Rao, N., 2005. Aspects of prehistoric astronomy in India. Bulletin of Astronomical Society of India, 33, 499–511.
Kaye, G.R., 1924. The Hindu Astronomy. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India, No 18 (reprinted in 1998).
Kochhar, R.K., 1985. Madras Observatory: the beginning. Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India, 13, 162–168, 287–302.
Kochhar, R.K., 1991. Growth of modern astronomy in India 1651–1960. Vistas in Astronomy, 34, 69–105.
Kochhar, R., 1999. Pre-telescopic astronomy in India. In Rahman, A. (ed.). History of Indian Science, Technology and Culture AD 1000–1800. New Delhi, Oxford University Press. Pp. 171–197.
Kochhar, R., 2007. Indian yuga system: origins and uses. Lecture delivered at the University of Tuebingen Seminar on Indology.
Kochhar, R., and Narlikar, J., 1995. Astronomy in India: A Perspective. New Delhi, Indian National Science Academy.
Kramrich, S., 1981. The Presence of Siva. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
Lewis-Williams. D., 2002. The Mind in the Cave. London, Thames and Hudson.
Lawrel, A., 2008. Boring no more – a trade savvy Indus emerges. Science, 320, 1276.
Max Muller, F., 1962. The Upanishads. Part II. New York, Dover Publications.
Maula, Erkka, 1984. The calendar stones of Mohenjo-daro. In Jansen, M., and Urban, G. (eds.). Interim Reports Vol. 1: Reports on Field Work Carried out at Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan 1983–84 … Aachen, IsMEO/RWTH. Pp. 159–170.
Moorti, U.S., 1994. Megalithic Cultures of South India: Socio-Economic Perspective. Varanasi, Ganga Kaveri Publications.
Moorty, U.S., 2008. Megaliths. In Pearsall, D.M. (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.
Narahari Achar, B.N., 1997. A note on the five-year yuga of the Vedanga Jyotisa. Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, 3–4, 21–28.
Palka, J., 1989. Sun dagger misses its mark. Science, 244, 1538.
Panikkar, R., 1977. The Vedic Experience: Mantramanjari. Pondichery, All India Books.
Petraglia, M.D., and Allchin, B. (eds.), 2007. The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia. Dordrecht, Springer.
Parpola, A., 1994. Deciphering the Indus Script. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Possehl, G.L., 2002. The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective. Walnut Creek, Altamira Press.
Sastry, T.S. Kuppanna, 1985. Vedanga Jyotisa by Lagadha. New Delhi, Indian National Science Academy (critically edited by K.V. Sarma).
Staal, F., 2008. Discovering the Vedas. New Delhi, Penguin Books.
Sofaer, A, 1979. A unique solar marking construct. Science, 206, 283–291.
Subbarayappa, B.V., and Sarma, K.V., 1985. Indian Astronomy a Source Book. Mumbai, Nehru Centre.
Sule, A., Vahia, M.N., Joglekar, H., and Bhujle, S., 2007. Samtarshi visit to different Nakshatras: subtle effect of Earth’s precession. Indian Journal of History of Science, 42, 133–147.
Vahia, M.N., 2008. On the Harappan question. Annals of Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute; see: http://www.tifr.res.in/∼vahia/harappa.pdf.
Vahia, M.N., Bandey, A., Ahmad, Y.M., Iqbal, N., Masood, B.T., 2009. Astronomical interpretation of a Palaeolithic rock carving found at Sopor, Kashmir. See: http://www.tifr.res.in/∼vahia/Âcomets.pdf.
Wanzke, H., 1987. Axis systems and orientation at Mohenjo-Daro. In Jansen, M., and Urban, G. (eds.). Interim Reports Vol. 2: Reports on Field Work Carried out at Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan 1983–84. Aachen, IsMEO/RWTH. Pp. 33–44.
Wheeler, R.E.M., 1966. Civilisations of Indus Valley and beyond. McGraw Hill, New York.
Acknowledgement
We wish to thank the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust for the financial assistance for the programme. We also wish to thank our colleagues, but particularly Parag Mahajani, V Nandagopal, Hrishikesh Joglekar, Srikumar Menon, Aniket Sule, Sudha Bhujle, Kavita Gangal, Bhagyashree Tarde, P.P. Divakaran and B.V. Subbarayappa, who through long discussions have helped us formalise our ideas.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Vahia, M.N., Yadav, N. (2011). The Origin and Growth of Astronomy, as Viewed from an Indian Context. In: Orchiston, W., Nakamura, T., Strom, R. (eds) Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the Asia-Pacific Region. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8161-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8161-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-8160-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8161-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)