Skip to main content

Ambient Noise

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Computational Ocean Acoustics

Part of the book series: Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing ((MASP))

  • 5555 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, we address the modeling of ambient noise as an application of the concepts and methods discussed in the previous chapters. Ambient noise in the ocean impacts underwater acoustics in two ways: It is the resident acoustic field in the ocean and hence also a diagnostic of the ocean environment. It is the interference with respect to detecting or measuring signals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. H. Cox, Spatial correlation in arbitrary noise fields with application to ambient sea noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 1289–1301 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. W.A. Kuperman, F. Ingenito, Spatial correlation of surface generated noise in a stratified ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 1988–1996 (1980)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. H. Schmidt, W.A. Kuperman, Estimation of surface noise source levels from low-frequency seismo-acoustic ambient noise measurements. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 2153–2162 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. D.J. Kewley, D.G. Browning, W.M. Carey, Low-frequency wind-generated ambient noise source levels. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 1894–1902 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. J.D. Wilson, N.C. Makris, Ocean acoustic hurricane classification. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 168–181 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. D.P. Knobles, S.M. Joshi, R.D. Gaul, H.C. Graber, N.J. Williams, Analysis of wind-driven ambient noise in a shallow water environment with a sandy seabed. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124, EL157–162 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. R.B. Evans, W.M. Carey, Basin scale computation of vertical and horizontal directivity of underwater ambient noise, due to shipping and wind. in Proceeding of the 9th International Conference on Theoretical and Computational Acoustics, ed. by S. Marburg (Dresden, Germany, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. Ross, Mechanics of Underwater Noise (Pergamon, New York, 1976)

    Google Scholar 

  9. M.J. Beran, G.B. Parent, Theory of Partial Coherence (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1964)

    Google Scholar 

  10. W.S. Liggett, M.J. Jacobson, Covariance of surface generated noise in a deep ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 38, 303–312 (1965)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. F. Oberhettinger, Tables of Bessel Transformations (Springer, New York, 1972)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. B.F. Cron, C.H. Sherman, Spatial correlation functions for various noise models. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1732–1736 (1962)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.A. Orcutt, C.S. Cox, A.C. Kibblewhite, W.A. Kuperman, H. Schmidt, Observations and causes of ocean and seafloor noise at ultra-low and very-low frequencies. in Natural Physical Sources of Underwater Sound: Sea Surface Sound (2), ed. by B.R. Kerman (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1993), pp. 203–232

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Rouseff, D.J. Tang, Internal wave effects on the ambient noise notch in the East China Sea: Model ∕ data comparison. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 1284–1294 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Akal, A. Barbagelata, G. Guidi, M. Snoek, Time dependence of ambient seafloor noise on a continental shelf. in Ocean Seismo-Acoustics, ed. by T. Akal, J.M. Berkson (Plenum, New York, 1986), pp. 767–778

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. G.B. Deane, M.J. Buckingham, C.T. Tindle, Vertical coherence of ambient noise in shallow water overlying a fluid seabed. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102, 3413–3424 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. N.M. Carbone, G.B. Deane, M.J. Buckingham, Estimating the compressional and shear wave speeds of a shallow-water seabed from the vertical coherence of ambient noise in the water column. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 801–813 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. C.H. Harrison, D.G. Simons, Geoacoustic inversion of ambient noise: A simple method. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 1377–1389 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. C.H. Harrison, Sub-bottom profiling using ocean ambient noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 1505–1515 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. M.J. Buckingham, B.V. Berkhous, S.A.L. Glegg, Imaging the ocean with ambient noise. Nature 356, 327–329 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. J.R. Potter, Acoustic imaging using ambient noise: Some theory and simulation results. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 21–33 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. C.L. Epifanio, J.R. Potter, G.B. Deane, M.L. Readhead, M.J. Buckingham, Imaging in the ocean with ambient noise: the ORB experiments. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 3211–3225 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. M.J. Buckingham, Acoustic daylight imaging in the ocean. in Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications – Volume 1: Sensors and Imaging, ed. by B. Jahne, H. Haussecker, P. Geissler (Academic, San Diego, 1999), pp. 415–442

    Google Scholar 

  24. N.C. Makris, F. Ingenito, W.A. Kuperman, Detection of a submerged object insonified by surface noise in an ocean waveguide. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 1703–1724 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. R.L. Weaver, O.I. Lobkis, Ultrasonics without a source: Thermal fluctuation correlations at MHz frequencies. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 134301 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. P. Roux, W.A. Kuperman, the NPAL Group, Extracting coherent wavefronts from acoustic ambient noise in the ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 1995–2003 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  27. K.G. Sabra, P. Roux, W.A. Kuperman, Arrival-time structure of the time-averaged ambient noise cross-correlation function in an oceanic waveguide. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 164–174 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. K.G. Sabra, P. Roux, W.A. Kuperman, Emergence rate of the time-domain Green’s function from the ambient noise cross-correlation function. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 3524–3531 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. K.G. Sabra, P. Roux, A.M. Thode, G.L. D’Spain, W.S. Hodgkiss, W.A. Kuperman, Using ocean ambient noise for array self-localization and self-synchronization. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 30, 338–347 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Fried, W.A. Kuperman, K.G. Sabra, P. Roux, Extracting the local Green’s function on a horizontal array from ambient ocean noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124, EL:183–188 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  31. M. Siderius, C.H. Harrison, M.B. Porter, A passive fathometer technique for imaging seabed layering using ambient noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 1315–1323 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. J.S. Perkins, W.A. Kuperman, F. Ingenito, L.T. Fialkowski, J. Glattetre, Modeling ambient noise in three-dimensional ocean environments. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 739–752 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. J.H. Wilson, Wind-generated noise modeling. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 211–216 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. R.A. Wagstaff, Low-frequency ambient noise in the deep sound channel–The missing component. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69, 1009–1014 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. S.C. Wales, O.I. Diachok, Ambient noise vertical directionality in the northwest Atlantic. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70, 577–582 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. R. Dashen, W. Munk, Three models of global ocean noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 540–554 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. W.M. Carey, R.B. Evans, J.A. Davis, G. Botseas, Deep-ocean vertical noise directionality. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 15, 324–334 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Finn B. Jensen .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jensen, F.B., Kuperman, W.A., Porter, M.B., Schmidt, H. (2011). Ambient Noise. In: Computational Ocean Acoustics. Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8678-8_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8678-8_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-8677-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8678-8

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics