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Metabolism and Roles of Eicosanoids in Brain

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Lipid Mediators and Their Metabolism in the Brain

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Abstract

Eicosanoids are signaling molecules generated through enzymic oxidation of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and 2) (O’Banion, 1999; Vane et al., 1998; Phillis et al., 2006), lipoxygenases (LOX) (Kuhn and O’Donnell, 2006; Kim et al., 2008), and epoxygenases (EPOX) (Phillis et al., 2006; Spector, 2009). Eicosanoids include prostaglandins (PGs), leukotriene (LTs), lipoxins (LXs), and thromboxanes (TXs), as well as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EETs), and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) (Figs. 1.1 and 1.2). Numerous eicosanoids have been detected in the nervous system in neurons, astrocytes, cerebral vascular endothelial cells, and cerebrospinal fluid (O’Banion, 1999; Schaad et al., 1991; Simmons et al., 2004; Toda and Okamura, 1993; Vila, 2004; Werz, 2002; Wolfe and Horrocks, 1994). Eicosanoids produce a wide range of biological actions including potent effects on inflammation, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, apoptosis, and immune responses.

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  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Akhlaq A. Farooqui

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Farooqui, A.A. (2011). Metabolism and Roles of Eicosanoids in Brain. In: Lipid Mediators and Their Metabolism in the Brain. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9940-5_1

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