Abstract
More than 90 years have elapsed since the discovery of ionizing radiation and its capacity to cause various types of injury. In the meantime, studies of such injuries have received continuing impetus from the growing uses of radiation in medicine, science, industry, and nuclear energy. As a result, the biomedical effects of ionizing radiation have received greater study and are better known than those of any other environmental agent.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
National Academy of Sciences, Advisory Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation [NAS/BEIR] (1980) The effects of populations of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, Washington, DC
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation [UNSCEAR] (1986) Genetic and somatic effects of ionizing radiation. Report to the General Assembly, with annexes: Forty-first Session, Supplement No. 16 (A/41/16). United Nations, New York
Sankaranarayanan K (1988) Radionuclides and genetic risks. In: Carter MW (ed) Radionuclides in the food chain. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 236–263 (see Chap 18 of this monograph)
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation [UNSCEAR] (1982) Ionizing radiation: sources and biological effects. Report to the General Assembly, with annexes: Thirty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 45 (A/37/45). United Nations, New York
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement [NCRP] (1975) Natural background radiation in the United States. NCRP Report 45, NCRP, Washington, DC
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation [UNSCEAR] (1977) Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Report to the General Assembly, with annexes: Thirty-second Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/32/40). United Nations, New York
Harley JH (1988) Naturally occurring sources of radioactive contamination. In: Carter MW (ed) Radionuclides in the food chain. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 58–71 (see Chap 6 of this monograph)
Pentreath RJ (1988) Radionuclides in the aquatic environment. In: Carter MW (ed) Radionuclides in the food chain. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 99–119 (see Chap 9 of this monograph)
Ng YC (1982) A review of transfer factors for assessing the dose from radionuclides in agricultural products. Nucl Saf 23:57–71
Ng YC, Colsler CS, Thompson SE (1982) Soil-to-plant concentration factors for radiological assessments. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NUREG/CR-2975, UCID-19463
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement [NCRP] (1984) Exposures from the uranium series with emphasis on radon and its daughters. NCRP Report 77, NCRP, Washington, DC
Harley JH (1969) Radionuclides in food. In: Biological implications of the nuclear age. Symposium held at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, March 5–7, 1969, pp 189–200
Morse BS, Welford GA (1971) Dietary intake of 210Pb. Health Phys 21:53–55
Holtzman RB (1980) Normal dietary levels of 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb and 210Po for man. In: Natural radiation environment III. Available from NTIS, Springfield; CONF-780422 (Vol. 1)
Welford GA, Baird R (1967) Uranium levels in human diet and biological materials. Health Phys 13:1321–1324
Hallden HA, Fisenne IM, Harley JH (1963) Radium-226 in human diet and bone. Sci 140:74–75
Petrow HG, Schiesle WJ, Cover A (1965) Dietary intake of Radium-228. In: Radioactivity studies, 1965. US Atomic Energy Commission Report NYO-3086-1. New York Operation Office, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia, pp 1–10
Fisenne IM, Perry PM, Chu NY (1983) Measured 234,238U and fallout 239,240Pu in human bone ash from Nepal and Australia: skeletal alpha dose. Health Phys 44:457–467
International Commission on Radiological Protection [ICRP] (1979) Limits on intake of radionuclides by workers. ICRP Publication 30, Part 1, Pergamon, New York
International Commission on Radiological Protection [ICRP] (1975) Report of the task group on reference man. ICRP Publication 23, Pergamon, New York
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement [NCRP] (1985) Carbon-14 in the environment. NCRP Report 81, NCRP, Bethesda, Maryland
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement [NCRP] (1979) Tritium in the environment. NCRP Report 62, NCRP, Washington, DC
Klusek CS (1984) Strontium-90 in the US diet. US Department of Energy Report. Available from NTIS, Springfield: EML-429
United States Department of Energy Health and Safety Laboratory Environmental Quarterly (1977) Final tabulation of monthly 90Sr fallout data: 1954–1976. Available from NTIS, Springfield: HASL-329
United States Department of Energy Environmental Report (1982). Available from NTIS, Springfield: EML-405, UC-11
Evans C, Bennett BG (1976) Transfer of 137Cs through the food chain to man. US Department of Energy Report. Available from NTIS, Springfield: HASL-310
Gustafson PF Miller JE (1969) The significance of 137Cs in man and his diet. Health Phys 16:167–183
Karttunen JO (1982) Cesium-137 in various Chicago foods. US Department of Energy. Available from NTIS, Springfield: EML-405
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement [NCRP] (1987) Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States. NCRP Report 93, NCRP, Bethesda, Maryland
Committee on the Assessment of Health Consequences in Exposed Populations (1987) Health and environmental consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Report to the US Department of Energy, Office of Health and Environmental Research from the Interlaboratory Task Group on Health and Environmental Aspects of the Soviet Nuclear Accident. DOE/ER-0332, UC-41 and 48, Washington, DC
Silini G (1988) Biological effects of ionizing radiation. In: Carter MW (ed) Radionuclides in the food chain. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 35–44 (see Chap 4 of this monograph)
Cole A, Meyn RE, Chen R, Corry PM, Hittelman W (1980) Mechanisms of cell injury. In: Meyn R, Withers HR (eds) Radiation biology in cancer research. Raven, New York, pp 33–58
Grosovsky AJ, Little JB (1985) Evidence for linear response for the induction of mutations in human cells by x-ray exposure below 10 rads. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:2092–2095
Langolis RG, Bigbee WL, Kyoizumi S, Nakamura N, Bean MA, Akiyama M, Jensen RH (1987) Evidence for increased somatic cell mutations at the glycophorin A locus in atomic bomb survivors. Sci 236:445–448
Lloyd DC, Purrott RJ (1981) Chromosome aberration analysis in radiological protection dosimetry. Rad Protect Dosi 1:19–28
Lloyd DC, Purrott RJ, Reeder EF (1980) The incidence of unstable chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes from unirradiated and occupationally exposed people. Mutat Res 72:523–532
International Commission on Radiological Protection [ICRP] (1984) Protection of the public in major accidents. Annals of the ICRP, Vol. 14, No. 2, Pergamon, Oxford
Rail JE, Beebe GW, Hoel DG, Jablon S, Land CE, Nygaard OF, Upton AC, Yavlow RS, Zeve VH (1985) Report of the National Institues of Health Working Group to Develop Radioepidemiological Tables. NIH Publication No 85-2748, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
Upton AC (1986) Cancer induction and non-stochastic effects. Br J Radio 60:1–6
Monson RP, MacMahon B (1984) Pre-natal x-ray exposure and cancer in children. In: Boice JD Jr, Fraumeni JF Jr (eds) Radiation carcinogenesis: epidemiology and biological significance. Raven, New York, pp 97–105
Harvey EB, Boice JD Jr, Honeyman M, Flannery JT (1985) Prenatal x-ray exposure and childhood cancer in twins. New Eng J Med 312:541–545
Upton AC (1987) Evolving perspectives on the biology and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Leukemia Res 10:727–734
Preston DL, Kato H, Kopecky KJ, Fujita S, (1987) Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 8. Cancer mortality, 1950–1982. Rad Res 111:151–178
Preston DL, Pierce DA (1987) The effect of changes in dosimetry on cancer mortality risk estimates in the atomic bomb survivors. RERF Technical Report TR9-87, RERF, Hiroshima, Japan
Wei L et al. (1985) Report of third stage (1982–1984) health survey in high background area in Yangjiang, China. Chin J Radiat Med Prot 5:144–153
Brazilian Academy of Sciences (Academia Brasileira de Ciencias) (1977) Proceedings of International Symposium on Areas of High Natural Radioactivity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Sunta CM, David M, Abani MC, Basu AS, Nambi KSV (1982) Analysis of dosimetry data of high natural radioactivity areas of southwest coast of India. In: Vohra KG, Mishra US, Pillai KC, Sadasivan S (eds) The natural radiation environment IV. Wiley Eastern, Bombay/New Delhi
Hanson WC (1986) Ecological processes in the cycling of radionuclides with Arctic ecosystems. In: Stonehouse B (ed) Arctic air pollution. University Press, Cambridge, pp 221–228
Stutzman CD, Nelson DM (1986) Cancer incidence and risk in Alaskan natives exposed to radioactive fallout. In: Stonehouse B (ed) Arctic air pollution. University Press, Cambridge, pp 229–238
Otake M, Schull W (1984) In utero exposure to A-bomb radiation and mental retardation: a reassessment. Brit J Radio 57:409–414
International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] (1985) Principles for establishing intervention levels for the protection of the public in the event of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency. Safety Series No. 72. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Upton, A.C., Linsalata, P. (1988). Long-Term Health Effects of Radionuclides in Food and Water Supplies. In: Harley, J.H., Schmidt, G.D., Silini, G. (eds) Radionuclides in the Food Chain. ILSI Monographs. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1610-3_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1610-3_17
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1612-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1610-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive