Skip to main content

Embryology of the Penis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Surgical Guide to Circumcision

Abstract

Since the penis and its accouterments develop over time as a fusing of the urogenital membrane, it is particularly predisposed to congenital anomalies. Thus, understanding the development of the male genitalia is key to identifying congenital anomalies – many of which are grounds for deferring newborn circumcision.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Greenfield A, Koopman P. SRY and mammalian sex determination. Curr Top Dev Biol. 1996;34:1–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Baskin LS. Hypospadias and urethral development. J Urol. 2000;163:951–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kurzrock EA, Baskin LS, Cunha GR. Ontogeny of the male urethra: theory of endodermal differentiation. Differentiation. 1999;64:115–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Felix W. The development of the urogenital organs. In: Keibel F, Mall FP, editors. Manual of human embryology, vol. 2. Philadelphia/London: Lippincott; 1912.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Siddiqi MAH. The development of the penile urethra and the homology of Cowper’s gland of male spermophile (Citellus tridecemlineatus) with a note on the prostatic urtricle. J Anat (Lond). 1937;72:109–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wood Jones F. The development and malformation of the glans and prepuce. Br Med J. 1910;1(2559):137–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Barnstein NJ, Mossman HW. The origin of the penile urethra and bulbo-urethral glands with particular reference to the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Anat Rec. 1938;72:67–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Williams DI. The development and abnormalities of the penile urethra. Acta Anat. 1952;15:176–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Martin RD. Primate origins and evolution: a phylogenic reconstruction. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gairdner D. The fate of the foreskin. Br Med J. 1949;2:1433–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Parkash S, Raguram R, Venkatesan K, et al. Sub-preputial wetness – it’s nature. Ann Nat Med Sci (India). 1982;18(3):109–12.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lee-Huang S, Huang PL, Sun Y, et al. Lysozyme and RHases as anti-HIV components in beta-core ­preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1999;96(6):2678–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. DeWitte L, Nabotov A, Pion M, et al. Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by langerhans cells. Nat Med. 2007;13:367–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hsieh TF, Chang CH, Chang SS. Foreskin development before adolescence in 2149 schoolboys. Int J Urol. 2006;13:968–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kayaba H, Tamura H, Kitajima S, et al. Analysis of shape and retractability of the prepuce in 603 Japanese boys. J Urol. 1996;156:1813–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Oster J. Further fate of the foreskin. Arch Dis Child. 1968;43:200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cold CJ, Taylor JR. The prepuce. Br J Urol. 1999;83 Suppl 1:34–44.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Guy Hudson M.D., FAAP .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hudson, R.G., Ebbers, M. (2012). Embryology of the Penis. In: Bolnick, D., Koyle, M., Yosha, A. (eds) Surgical Guide to Circumcision. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-2857-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-2858-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics