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Implications for CSCW

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Coordinative Practices in the Building Process

Part of the book series: Computer Supported Cooperative Work ((CSCW))

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Abstract

In this, the last chapter of the book, we shall consider the implications of our study for the field of CSCW.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See also Chap. 1.

  2. 2.

    RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification and denotes any identification system in which electronic devices occur that use radio waves or pulsating magnetic fields to communicate with identification units fastened to objects. In the 1970’s and 1980’s RFID was first introduced in the industrial sector to keep track of railway wagons, dairy cattle and auto chassis in production lines. Since then it has spread to other areas such as identification of animals, clothing in laundries, billeting systems, admittance control etc. From the beginning of this century there has been an increasing focus on the employment of RFID. This is, among other things, because of recommendations from the U.S. Department of Defence and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration about using the technology. Furthermore, since 2005 the world’s largest retail chain, the Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., has required its largest suppliers to use RFID on all their produce pallets and larger units. The most referenced components in RFID systems are tags, readers and middleware. Tags, also termed transponders, are identification units that are attached to the objects to be localised. The interrogator, the transceiver or the RFID reader, as they are often called, is that component which via the antenna is used for scanning the data contents of the tag. The middleware is the software component which ties the RFID reader together with the other software components in an IT system and, if necessary, also filters the data before it is relayed (Sørensen et al. 2008).

  3. 3.

    Furthermore, it is only fair to mention that Sørensen and associates (2008) never intended to support intrinsic coordination. They do not refer to or use this concept in any way. The case is used here, as an example of what computer support of intrinsic coordination cannot look like.

  4. 4.

    Keep in mind that to the extent representational artifacts such as CAD models constitute the field of work, they may be the locus of practices of intrinsic coordination, and consequently the locus of what is supported through computer technology such as shared feedback. Recall that for the architects the representational artifacts (e.g. sketches, CAD models, etc.) may constitute the field of work. They serve as objectifications of the building-in-the-making and are, as such, the immediate object of their work, they are what is looked upon, inspected, gestured at, discussed, modified, annotated, etc. (Schmidt and Wagner 2004, p.366).

  5. 5.

    According to Celko (1999), there are three fundamental ways that two activities can interfere with one another: (1) Dirty read: Activity 1 (A1) reads an entity from the system of record and then updates the system of record but does not commit the change (for example, the change hasn’t been finalized). Activity 2 (A2) reads the entity, unknowingly making a copy of the uncommitted version. A1 rolls back (aborts) the changes, restoring the entity to the original state that A1 found it in. A2 now has a version of the entity that was never committed and therefore is not considered to have actually existed. (2) Non-repeatable read: A1 reads an entity from the system of record, making a copy of it. A2 deletes the entity from the system of record. A1 now has a copy of an entity that does not officially exist. (3): Phantom read: A1 retrieves a collection of entities from the system of record, making copies of them, based on some sort of search criteria such as “all CAD files pertaining to the roof design”. A2 then creates new entities, which would have met the search criteria (for example, inserts a new file representing parts of the roof construction into the database), saving them to the system of record. If A1 reapplies the search criteria it gets a different result set.

  6. 6.

    We may say that it is hard to see the effects of other people’s actions on an artifact if others do not have ‘write and read’ access to that artifact.

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  1. Technologies in Practice Group, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Lars Rune Christensen

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  1. Lars Rune Christensen
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Christensen, L.R. (2013). Implications for CSCW. In: Coordinative Practices in the Building Process. Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4117-4_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4117-4_9

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4116-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4117-4

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