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Mineral and Chemical Composition

  • Chapter
Sand and Sandstone

Abstract

Sandstones are mixtures of mineral grains and rock fragments coming from naturally disaggregated products of erosion of rocks of all kinds. The total variety of rock types in any given eroding watershed may be represented in the sediment product. Theoretically, therefore, the number of mineral species to be found in all sandstones is as large as the total number of mineral species known. Even a given specific sandstone might be expected to contain a large variety of minerals, since a glance at any geologic map will show the average watershed to have rocks with many kinds of minerals present. In fact the expectation proves to be untrue, for the abundant minerals of sandstones belong to a few major groups; many varieties of heavy minerals (most present in trace amounts) may be found, but the list is by no means very large. Obviously, the processes determining mineral composition of sandstones are more complex than simple mixing ones from source areas of different kinds. The discrepancy is great between observed and theoretically possible combinations of minerals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    F. J. Pettijohn (Professor Emeritus of Geology)

  2. University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA

    Paul Edwin Potter (Professor of Geology)

  3. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Raymond Siever (Professor of Geology)

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Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P.E., Siever, R. (1987). Mineral and Chemical Composition. In: Sand and Sandstone. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1066-5_2

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