Abstract
In the usual usage, ecological models are mathematical expressions developed to be analogous, in some sense, with an ecosystem of interest (Table 25.1). The models of principal interest here are those are used to integrate information and to produce predictions of responses of ecosystems to change. With an abruptly increasing availability of computer power in terms of speed, cost, and magnitude of computation over the past two decades, there has been an explosive development of the application of computer models in ecology as well as in other sciences. New computer software allows scientists to explore complex dynamic equations using small (but powerful) computers in the same manner that an earlier generation of ecologists used paper as “scratch pads” to sketch data patterns and dynamic interrelations. The mathematical techniques used in developing and analyzing ecological models have been treated in several books (e.g., Caswell et al. 1972; Smith 1974; Odum 1983; Jørgensen 1986; Beltrami 1987; Yodzis 1989; Shugart 1998) and are the focus of several ecological journals.
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Shugart, H.H. (2000). Ecosystem Modeling. In: Sala, O.E., Jackson, R.B., Mooney, H.A., Howarth, R.W. (eds) Methods in Ecosystem Science. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1224-9_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1224-9_26
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