Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Visualization

  • Chapter
Principles of Laparoscopic Surgery

  • 465 Accesses

Abstract

The word endoscope denotes “an instrument so arranged as to give a view of some internal part of the body through a natural canal.” The earliest endoscope using lenses was the crystoscope of Nitze (1879), which was passed through the urethra to examine the interior of the urinary bladder. About the same time a gastroscope was developed and passed through the mouth for the partial examination of the esophagus and stomach. Until the development of modern endoscopes, the instrument consisted of a rigid metal tube containing lenses. Illumination was provided by a small electric bulb at the distal end. The level of illumination, image sharpness, color rendering, and image contrast were all very poor in this traditional form of endoscope. Photography of the endoscopic view was almost impossible and the endoscopic performance of therapeutic procedures without the need for open surgery was very limited.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

References

  1. Hopkins HH, Kapany NS. A flexible fibre-scope using static scanning. Nature 1954; 173:39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. van Heel ACS. A new method of transporting optical images without aberration. Nature 1954; 173:39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hopkins HH. Rod lens, British Patent No. 954629.

    Google Scholar 

References

  1. Kawahara I, Ichikawa H. Fiberoptic instrument technology. In Sivak, M V, Jr., ed: Gastroenterologic Endoscopy. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Barlow D E. Fiberoptic instrument technology. In Tams, T R, ed: Small Animal Endoscopy. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Overholt B F. The history of colonoscopy. In Waye, J D Hunt R H. ed: Colonoscopy. London: Chapman and Hall, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Salmon P R. Fibre-optic Endoscopy. London: Grune & Stratton, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hecht E. Optics. New York: Addison-Wesley, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gruenther R D. Modern Optics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Iizuka K. Engineering Optics. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Sarah Cheslyn-Curtis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Harold H. Hopkins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Joseph R. Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. William Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. Jan Morgan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Endoscopy, and Ultrasound, St. Vincent Hospitals and Health Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

    Maurice E. Arregui M.D. (Director, Fellowship in Laparoscopy) (Director, Fellowship in Laparoscopy)

  2. Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA

    Robert J. Fitzgibbons Jr. M.D. (Professor of Surgery, Chief of General Surgery) (Professor of Surgery, Chief of General Surgery)

  3. Divison of Outpatient and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Program and Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Namir Katkhouda M.D. (Associate Professor of Surgery, Chief, Director) (Associate Professor of Surgery, Chief, Director)

  4. Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA

    J. Barry McKernan M.D., Ph.D. (Clinical Professor of Surgery) (Clinical Professor of Surgery)

  5. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    J. Barry McKernan M.D., Ph.D. (Clinical Professor of Surgery) (Clinical Professor of Surgery)

  6. Marietta Surgery Center, Marietta, Georgia, USA

    J. Barry McKernan M.D., Ph.D. (Clinical Professor of Surgery) (Clinical Professor of Surgery)

  7. Advanced Laparoscopic Consultant, Wyoming Valley Health Care System, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA

    Harry Reich M.D.

  8. New York Center for Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery, New York, New Rochelle, USA

    Harry Reich M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cheslyn-Curtis, S., Hopkins, H.H., Williams, J.R., Chang, W., Morgan, S.J. (1995). Visualization. In: Arregui, M.E., Fitzgibbons, R.J., Katkhouda, N., McKernan, J.B., Reich, H. (eds) Principles of Laparoscopic Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2480-8_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2480-8_35

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7555-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2480-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation