Abstract
Insects are unusual among invertebrate animals in possessing extremely effective blood-brain barrier systems (Abbott & Treherne, 1977; Lane & Treherne, 1981). The necessity for such protection of the neuronal microenvironment is generally supposed to result from the peculiar chemical composition of insect blood (cf. Treherne, 1985). In the more highly-evolved groups of insects, for example, the ionic concentration of the plasma is quite inappropriate for neuronal function, where high levels of potassium can greatly exceed those of sodium ions (cf. Florkin & Jeuniaux, 1974). Even in species such as the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) with ‘conventional’ — high-sodium — blood, there can be large fluctuations in the ionic composition of the plasma (Lettau et al., 1977). Furthermore, insect blood plasma often contains extremely high concentrations of amino acids (Wyatt, 1961; Florkin & Jeuniaux, 1974) — some of which are neuroactive (Iversen et al., 1975) — as well as toxins, such as nicotine which can be tolerated at high concentrations in the blood of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Morris, 1977).
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Treherne, J.E., Howes, E.A., Schofield, P.K., Smith, P.J.S. (1990). Modulation and Repair of the Insect Blood-Brain Barrier. In: Borkovec, A.B., Masler, E.P. (eds) Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology · 1989 ·. Experimental and Clinical Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4512-4_4
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