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Chromium

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Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals

Part of the book series: Rochester Series on Environmental Toxicity ((RSET))

Abstract

Chromium for industrial use comes from chromite ore that contains chromium as an oxide, together with varying amounts of iron, aluminum, and manganese; ferrochrome is the primary refining product of chromite ore. Chromium is an important metal in several alloys, notably in stainless and acid-resistant steels. The largest exposed groups are therefore in the production and utilization of steel, especially in welding, flame cutting, grinding and polishing of stainless steels. Chromium salts are used in pigment manufacture, leather tanning, and wood preservation; chromium oxide, and chromic acid exposures occur in chrome plating. Chromium in cement represents an important source to dermal exposures. (IARC, 1980; Nieboer et al., 1984; Stern, 1982).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41a A, 00250, Helsinki, Finland

    Antero Aitio, Jorma Jarvisalo, Mirja Kiilunen & Pirkko-Liisa Kalliomaki

  2. Oulu University, 90670, Oulu, Finland

    Kalevi Kalliomaki

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  1. Antero Aitio
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  2. Jorma Jarvisalo
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  3. Mirja Kiilunen
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  4. Pirkko-Liisa Kalliomaki
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Rochester Shool of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA

    Thomas W. Clarkson

  2. The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lars Friberg

  3. University of Umea, Umea, Sweden

    Gunnar F. Nordberg

  4. Stauffer Chemical Company, Farmington, Connecticut, USA

    Polly R. Sager

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© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

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Aitio, A., Jarvisalo, J., Kiilunen, M., Kalliomaki, PL., Kalliomaki, K. (1988). Chromium. In: Clarkson, T.W., Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Sager, P.R. (eds) Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Rochester Series on Environmental Toxicity. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_15

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