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Mitochondrial Transport Processes

  • Chapter
Molecular Biology of Membrane Transport Disorders

Abstract

The chief functions of mitochondria are to supply the cell with ATP made via oxidative phosphorylation, to regulate the level of reduced pyridine nucleotides in the cytoplasm, to supply the cytoplasm with sufficient carbon precursor for fatty acid and sterol biosyntheses, and to catalyze certain of the reactions involved in gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis. In order for mitochondria to perform these processes, a high-magnitude flux of numerous metabolites must occur across their membranes. Movement of metabolites, as large as 6–8 kDa, occurs across the outer mitochondrial membrane primarily via diffusion through a channel protein known as the voltage-dependent anion channel.1,2 In contrast to the broad specificity of the outer membrane channel, the inner mitochondrial membrane maintains a highly selective permeability resulting from the existence of specific membrane transport proteins. To date, at least 13 major inner membrane metabolite transporters have been identified and extensively characterized (see Table 15.1).

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36688, USA

    Ronald S. Kaplan

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  1. Ronald S. Kaplan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA

    Stanley G. Schultz

  2. University of Arkansas College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

    Thomas E. Andreoli

  3. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Arthur M. Brown

  4. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Douglas M. Fambrough

  5. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Joseph F. Hoffman

  6. University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    Michael J. Welsh

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Kaplan, R.S. (1996). Mitochondrial Transport Processes. In: Schultz, S.G., Andreoli, T.E., Brown, A.M., Fambrough, D.M., Hoffman, J.F., Welsh, M.J. (eds) Molecular Biology of Membrane Transport Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1143-0_15

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