Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cellular and Genetic Analysis of Mouse Blastocyst Development

  • Chapter
Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Implantation

Abstract

The major morphogenetic events that occur during preimplantation development of the mammalian embryo are formation of a compact mass of cells (the morula) and formation of the blastocyst. Development of the blastocyst involves differentiation of a unique cell type, trophectoderm, that is necessary for implantation and nutrition of the embryo in the maternal environment, and the inner cell mass (ICM), which differentiates into primary endoderm and ectoderm before implantation (Snell and Stevens, 1966; Enders, 1971; Enders et al., 1978). In the mouse, trophectoderm can form even when there are few or no ICM cells, and hollow vesicles of trophectoderm can implant in vivo or grow out in vitro (Gardner, 1972; Ansell and Snow, 1975; Sherman, 1975; Sherman and Atienza-Samols, 1979). However, subsequent proliferation of trophectoderm cells to form the ectoplacental cone and extraembryonic ectoderm depends on the presence of the ICM. The ICM itself gives rise to the fetus and to the extraembryonic membranes but cannot implant or survive in the uterus in the absence of trophectoderm (Gardner, 1972; Gardner et al., 1973). Thus, the early postimplantation development of mouse embryos, and perhaps other mammalian embryos, depends on the successful differentiation and interaction of the two cell populations that form in the preimplantation period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ansell, J. D., and Snow, M. H. L., 1975, The development of trophoblast in vitro from blastocysts containing varying amounts of inner cell mass, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 33: 177–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atienza-Samols, S. B., and Sherman, M. I., 1979, In vitro development of core cells of the inner cell mass of the mouse blastocyst: Effects of conditioned medium, J. Exp. Zool. 208: 67–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennet, D., 1975, The T-locus of the mouse, Cell 6: 441–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borland, R. M., Hazra, S., Biggers, J. D., and Lechene, C. P., 1977, The elemental composition of the environments of the gametes and preimplantation embryo during the initiation of pregnancy, Biol. Reprod. 16: 147–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braude, P. R., 1979, Time dependent effects of a-amanitin on blastocyst formation in the mouse, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 52: 193–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calarco, P. G., and Pedersen, R. A., 1976, Ultrastructural observations of lethal yellow (Au/Au) mouse embryos, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 35: 73–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castle, W. E., and Little, C. C., 1910, On a modified Mendelian ratio among yellow mice, Science 32: 868–870.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cizadlo, G. R., and Granholm, N.H., 1978a, In vivo development of the lethal yellow (A y /A y) mouse embryo at 105 hours post coitum, Genetica 48: 89–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cizadlo, G. R., and Granholm, N. H., 1978b, Ultrastructual analysis of preimplantation lethal yellow mouse embryos, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 45: 13–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Copp, A. J., 1978, Interaction between inner cell mass and trophectoderm of the mouse blastocyst. I. A study of cellular proliferation, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 48: 109–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Copp, A. J., 1979, Interaction between inner cell mass and trophectoderm of the mouse blastocyst. II. The fate of the polar trophectoderm, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 51: 109–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuénot, L., 1905, Les races pures et leurs combinaisons chez les souris (4me note), Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. Sér. 3: 123–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diwan, S. B., and Stevens, L. C., 1976, Development of teratomas from the ectoderm of mouse egg cylinders, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 57: 937–942.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ducibella, T., Albertini, D. F., Anderson, E., and Biggers, J. D., 1975, The preimplantation mammalian embryo: Characterization of intercellular junctions and their appearance during development, Dev. Biol. 45: 231–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dziadek, M., 1979, Cell differentiation in isolated inner cell masses of mouse blastocysts in vitro: Onset of specific gene expression, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 53: 367–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, G. J., 1968, Stimulation of trophoblastic giant cell differentiation in the homozygous yellow mouse embryo, Genetica 39: 371–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, G. J., and Green, M. M., 1962, Implantation and lethality of the yellow mouse, Genetica 33: 106–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, G. J., and Green, M. M., 1963, Giant cell differentiation and lethality of homozygous yellow mouse embryos, Genetica 34: 155–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enders, A. C., 1971, The fine structure of the blastocyst, in: Biology of the Blastocyst ( R. J. Blandau, ed.), pp. 71–94, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enders, A. C., Given, R. L., and Schlafke, S., 1978, Differentiation and migration of endoderm in the rat and mouse at implantation, Anat. Rec. 190: 65–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. L., 1972, An investigation of inner cell mass and trophoblast tissues following their isolation from the mouse blastocyst, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 28: 279–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. L., 1975, Analysis of determination and differentiation in the early mammalian embryo using intra and interspecific chimeras, in: The Developmental Biology of Reproduction ( C. L. Markert and J. Papaconstantinou, eds.), pp. 207–236, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. L., and Papaioannou, V. E., 1975, Differentiation in the trophectoderm and inner cell mass, in: Early Development of Mammals ( M. Balls and A. E. Wild, eds.), pp. 107–132, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. L., and Rossant, J., 1979,Determination during embryogenesis, inEmbryogenesis in Mammals, (M. Balls and A. E. Wilds, eds.), pp. 107–132, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. L., and Rossant, J., 1979, Investigation of the fate of 4.5 day post coitum mouse inner cell mass cells by blastocyst injection, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 52: 141–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. L., Papaioannou, V. E., and Barton, S. C., 1973, Origin of the ectoplacental cone and secondary giant cells in mouse blastocysts reconstituted from isolated trophoblast and inner cell mass, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 30: 561–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gluecksohn-Waelsch, S., 1979, Genetic control of morphogenetic and biochemical differentiation: Lethal albino deletions in the mouse. Cell 16: 225–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granholm, N. H., and Johnson, P. M., 1978, Enhanced identification of lethal yellow (A y /A y) mouse embryos by means of delayed development of four cell stages, J. Exp. Zool. 205: 327–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, M. C., 1975, The laboratory mouse, Mus musculus, in: Handbook of Genetics, Vol. 4 ( R. C. King, ed.), pp. 203–241, Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Grobstein, C., 1952, Intra-ocular growth and differentiation of clusters of moyse embryonic shields cultured with and without primitive endoderm and in the presence of possible inductors, J. Exp. Zool. 119: 355–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handyside, A. H., 1978, Time of commitment of inside cells isolated from preimplantation mouse embryos, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 45: 37–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, E. D., and Meier, S., 1976, Stimulation of corneal differentiation by interaction between cell surface and extracellular matrix. Dev. Biol. 52: 141–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, N., Sherman, M. I., and Graham, C., 1972, The effect of spatial arrangement on cell determination during mouse development, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 28: 263–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, B., and Tilly, R., 1911 y In vitro culture and differentiation of normal mouse blastocysts, Nature (London) 265:626–629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, B., and Tilly, R., 1978a, In vitro development of inner cell masses isolated immunosurgically from mouse blastocysts. I. Inner cell masses from 3.5-day p.c. blastocysts incubated for 24 h before immunosurgery, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 45: 93–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, B., and Tilly, R., 1978b, In vitro development of inner cell masses isolated immunosurgically from mouse blastocysts. II. Inner cell masses from 3.5- to 4.0-day p.c. blastocysts, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 45: 107–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibsen, H. L., and Steigleder, E., 1917, Evidence for the death in utero of the homozygous yellow mouse, Am. Natur. 51: 740–752.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. L., and Granholm, N. H., 1978, In vitro analysis of pre and eariy postimplantation development of lethal yellow (A y /A y) mouse embryos, J. Exp. Zool. 204: 381–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. H., Handyside, A. H., and Braude, P. R., 1977, Control mechanisms in eariy mammalian development, in: Development in Mammals, Vol. 2 ( M. H. Johnson, ed.), pp. 67–97, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, S. J., 1975, Studies of the potency of the early cleavage blastomeres of the mouse, in: The Early Development of Mammals ( M. Balls and A. E. Wild, eds.), pp. 97–105, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, S. J., 1977, Studies of the developmental potential of 4- and 8-cell stage mouse blastomeres, J. Exp. Zool. 200: 365–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, S. J., Mulnard, J. G., and Graham, C. F., 1978, Cell division and cell allocation in early mouse development, J. EmbryoL Exp. Morphol 48: 37–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkham, W. B., 1917, Embryology of the yellow mouse, Anat. Rec. 11: 480–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkham, W. B., 1919, The fate of homozygous yellow mice, J. Exp. Zool. 28: 125–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, A., Deknudt, G., and Linden, G., 1971, Ovulation and prenatal losses in different strains of mice, Exp. Anim. 4: 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levak-Svajger, B., and Svajger, A., 1974, Investigation on the origin of definitive endoderm in the rat embryo, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol 32: 445–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, C. C., 1919, A note on the fate of individuals homozygous for certain color factors in mice, Am. Natur. 53: 185–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnuson, T., Demsey, A., and Stackpole, C. W., 1977, Characterization of intercellular junctions in the preimplantation mouse embryo by freeze-fracture and thin-section electron microscopy, Dev. Biol. 61: 252–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. A., Kouri, R. E., Dev, V. G., Grewal, M. S., Hutton, J. J., and Miller, O. J., 1971, Assignment of four linkage groups to chromosomes in Mus musculus and a cytogenetic method for locating their centromeric ends, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68: 2699–2702.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mintz, B., 1965, Experimental genetic mosaicism in the mouse, in: Preimplantation Stages of Pregnancy, Ciba Foundation Symposium ( G. E. W. Wolstenholme and M. O’Connor, eds.), pp. 194–216, Churchill, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowel, M. S., and Chapman, G. B., 1976, The ultrastructure of implanted trophoblast cells of the yellow agouti mouse, J. Anat. 122: 177–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papaioannou, V. E, and Gardner, R. L., 1976, Discussion (Table 1), in: Embryogenesis in Mammals, Ciba Foundation Symposium 40 (new series), pp. 232–233, Elsevier/Excerpta Medica/North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papaioannou, V., and Gardner, R. L., 1979, Investigation of the lethal yellow embryo using mouse chimeras, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol 52: 153–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, R. A., 1974, Development of lethal yellow (A y /A y) mouse embryos in vitro, J. Exp. Zool. 188: 307–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, R. A., and Goldstein, L. S., 1979, Detecting mutations expressed during early development of cultured mammalian embryos, Genetics 92: (Suppl.) 141–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, R. A., and Spindle, A. I., 1976, Genetic effects on mammalian development during and after implantation, in: Embryogenesis in Mammals, Ciba Foundation Symposium 40 (new series), pp. 133–149, Elsevier/Excerpta Medica/North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, R. A., and Spindle, A. I., 1980, Role of the blastocoele microenvironment in early mouse embryo differentiation, Nature (London) 284: 550–552.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, R. A., Spindle, A. I., and Wiley, L. M., 1977, Regeneration of endoderm by ectoderm isolated from mouse blastocysts. Nature (London) 270: 435–437.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, R. J. S., 1966, A cis-trans position effect at they A locus of the house mouse, Genetics 54: 485–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, G. G., 1942a, Increased viability of homozygous yellow mouse embryos in new uterine environments (abstract). Genetics 27: 166–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, G. G., 1942b, An analysis of the development of homozygous yellow mouse embryos, J. Exp. Zool. 89: 197–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossant, J., 1975a, Investigation of the determinative state of the mouse inner cell mass. I. Aggregation of isolated inner cell masses with morulae, J. Embryol Exp. Morphol 33: 979–990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossant, J., 1975b, Investigation of the determinative state of the mouse inner cell mass. II. The fate of isolated inner cell masses transferred to the oviduct, J. Embryol Exp. Morphol 33: 991–1001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossant, J., 1977, Cell commitment in early rodent development, in: Development in Mammals, Vol. 2 ( M. H. Johnson, ed.), pp. 119–150, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossant, J., and Lis, W. T., 1979, Potential of isolated mouse inner cell masses to form trophectoderm derivatives in vivo. Dev. Biol. 70: 255–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossant, J., and Papaioannou, V. E., 1977, The biology of embryogenesis, in: Concepts in Mammalian Embryogenesis ( M. I. Sherman, ed.), pp. 1–36, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runner, M. N., 1959, Linkage of brachypodism. A new member of linkage group V of the house mouse, J. Hered. 50: 81–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, L. B., McDaniel, M. N. C., and Woodiel, F. N., 1963, Crossing-over within the a “locus” of the mouse (abstract). Genetics 48: 907.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searle, A. G., Beechey, C. V., Eicher, E. M., Nesbitt, M. N., and Washburn, L. L., 1979, Colinearity in the mouse genome: A study of chromosome 2, Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 23: 255–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, M. I., 1975, The role of cell-cell interaction during early mouse embryogenesis, in: The Early Development of Mammals ( M. Balls and A. E. Wild, eds.), pp. 145–165, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, M. I., and Atienza-Samols, S. B., 1979, Differentiation of mouse trophoblast does not require cell-cell interaction, Exp. Cell Res. 123: 73–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, W. K., 1979, The Coat Colors of Mice: A Model for Mammalian Gene Action and Interaction, Springer-Veriag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snell, G. D., and Stevens, L. C., 1966, Early embryology, in: Biology of the Laboratory Mouse ( E. L. Green, ed.), 2nd ed., pp. 205–245, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snell, G. D., Cudkowicz, G., and Bunker, H. P., 1967, Histocompatibility genes of mice. VII. H-13, a new histocompatibility locus in the fifth linkage group, Transplantation 5: 492–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snow, M. H. L., 1976, The immediate postimplantation development of tetraploid mouse blastocysts, J. EmbryoL Exp. Morphol. 35: 81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solter, D., and Knowles, B. B., 1975, Immunosurgery of mouse blastocyst, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 5099–5102.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Spindle, A. I., 1978, Trophoblast regeneration by inner cell masses isolated from cultured mouse embryos, J. Exp. Zool. 203: 483–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, S., Reich, E., and Sherman, M. L, 1976, Plasminogen activator in early embryogenesis: Enzyme production by trophoblast and parietal endoderm, Cell 9: 231–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarkowski, A. K., 1959, Experiments on the development of isolated blastomeres of mouse eggs. Nature (London) 184: 1286–1289.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarkowski, A. K., and Wroblewska, J., 1967, Development of blastomeres of mouse eggs isolated at the 4- and 8-cell stage, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 18: 155–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, M. E., 1965, Pseudoallelism at the agouti locus in the mouse, J. Hered. 56: 267–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiley, L. M., Spindle, A. I., and Pedersen, R. A., 1978, Morphology of isolated mouse inner cell masses developing in vitro, Dev. Biol. 63: 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, I. B., Bolton, E., and Cuttler, R. H., 1972, Preimplantation differentiation in the mouse egg as revealed by microinjection of vital markers, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 27: 467–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolpert, L., 1978, Gap junctions: Channels for communication in development, in: Intercellular Functions and Synapses ( J. Feldman, N. B. Gilula, and J. D. Pitts, eds.), pp. 83–96, Chapman & Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wudl, L. R., Sherman, M. I., and Hillman, N., 1977, Nature of lethality of t mutations in embryos, Nature (London) 270: 137–140.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA

    Roger A. Pedersen

  2. Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA

    Roger A. Pedersen

  3. Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA

    Akiko I. Spindle

Authors
  1. Roger A. Pedersen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Akiko I. Spindle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    Stanley R. Glasser  & David W. Bullock  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pedersen, R.A., Spindle, A.I. (1981). Cellular and Genetic Analysis of Mouse Blastocyst Development. In: Glasser, S.R., Bullock, D.W. (eds) Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Implantation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3180-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3180-3_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3182-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3180-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation