Abstract
In many parts of the world there is the perception that current and planned liquid natural gas(LNG) operations and facilities present an unacceptable risk to the public. Hence, the Division of Environmental Control Technology, Department of Energy, and the Gas Research Institute, USA have supported a series of tests on liquid natural gas spilled in amounts of five and forty cubic meters onto a pond at China Lake Naval Weapons Center, California. A parallel wind tunnel model program has been performed in the meteorological wind tunnels of Colorado State University to provide field test planning information, to extend the value of a limited set of field measurements, and to validate the concept of physical modeling of LNG plume dispersion as a predictive hazard analysis tool. The measurement results described herein provided a foundation for instrument placement and interpretation of terrain effects during the 40 m3 field experiments. Wind tunnel laboratory measurements permits a degree of control of safety, meteorological, source and site variables not often feasible or economic at full scale.
1980–1982 Von Humboldt Foundation Senior Scientist
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cermak, J.E. (1975) “Applications of Fluid Mechanics of Wind Engineering, A Freeman Scholar-Lecture”, J. of Fluid Engineering, Vol. 97, Ser. 1, N° 1, pp. 9 - 38
Cermak, J.E. (1979) “Application of Wind Tunnels to Investigation of Wind Engineering Problems”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 10, N° 17, pp. 679 - 690
Counihan, J. (1975) “Adiabatic Atmospheric Boundary Layers: A Review and Analysis of Data from the Period 1880-1972”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 9, pp. 871 - 905
Fay, J.A (1980) “Gravitationa 1 Spread and Dilution of Heavy Vapor Clouds”, Stratified Flows, Second International Symposium on, Vol. 1, Trondheim, Norway, 24-27 June 1980, Tapir Publications, pp. 471 - 494
Isyumov, N. and Tanaka, H. (1979) “Wind Tunnel Modeling of Stack Gas Dispersion-Difficulties and Approximations”, Proceedings Fifth International Conference on Wind Engineering, Cermak, J.E. (.) (Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A., July 9-14, 1979) Pergamon Press, 2 vols., 1400 p.
Kothari, K.M. and Meroney, R.N. (1979) “Building Effects on National Transonic Facility Exhaust Plume”, Colorado State University, Fluid Mechanics and Wind Engineering Program Report CER79- 80KMK-RNM35, Fort Collins, Colorado, December, 43 p.
Koopman, R.P. Bowman, B.R. and Ermak, D,L. (1979) “Data and calculations of dispersion on 5 m3 LNG spill tests”, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Report UCRL-52876, 31 pp.
Meroney, R.N., Cermak, J.E., Garrison, J.A., Yang, B.T. and Nayak,S. (1974) “Wind Tunnel Study of Stack Gas Dispersal at the Avon Lake Power Plant”, Fluid Mechanics and Wind Engineering Report CER 73-74-RNM-JEC-BTY-SKN35, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, April.
Meroney, R.N. and Neff, D.E. (1977) “Behaviour of Negatively Buoyant Gas Plumes Emitted from an LNG Spill”, Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Conference, Adelaide, Australia, December 5-9, 1977, pp. 472 - 475.
Meroney, R. N., Neff, D.E. and Cermak, J.E. (1978) “Wind Tunnel Simulation of LNG Spills”, Proceedings of American Gas Association Transmission Conference, Montreal, Canada, May 8-10, 1978, pp. T217 - T223.
Meroney, R.N. (1979) “Physical Modeling of Atmospheric Dispersion of Heavy Gases Released at the Ground or from Short Stacks”, Proceedings of 10th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, October 23-26, 1979, Rome, Italy, 10 p.
Meroney R.N. and Neff, D.E. (1980) “Dispersion of Vapor from LNG Spills Simulation in a Meteorological Wind Tunnel: Six Cubic Meter China Lake Spill Series”, Proceedings of 4th Colloquimon Industrial Aerodynamics, Aachen, BDR, 18-20 June 1980, pp. 303 - 320.
Meroney, R.N., Neff, D.E. and Kothari, K.M. (1980) “Behaviour of LNG Vapor Clouds: Tests to Define the Size, Shape, and Structure of LNG Vapor Clouds”, Annual Report for 1979-1980, Gas Research Institute Contract N° 5014-352-0203, Colorado State University Report CER80-81 RNM-DEN-KMK.8, 80 pp.
Neff, D.E. and Meroney, R.N. (1979) “Dispersion of Vapor from LNG Spills - Simulation in a Meteorological Wind Tunnel of Spills at China Lake Naval Weapons Center, California”, Fluid Mechanics and Wind Engineering Report CER78-79DEN-RNM41, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 77 p.
Skinner, G.T. and Ludwig, G.R. (1978) “Physical Modeling of Dispersion in the atmospheric Boundary Layer”, Calspan Advances Technology Center, Calspan Report N° 201, May.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meroney, R.N., Neff, D.E. (1981). Physical Modeling of Forty Cubic Meter LNG Spills At China Lake, California. In: De Wispelaere, C. (eds) Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application I. NATO · Challenges of Modern Society, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3344-9_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3344-9_30
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3346-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3344-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive