Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy in the Far Infrared

  • Chapter
Advances in Laser Spectroscopy

Abstract

The far-infrared (FIR) part of the electromagnetic spectrum (1 mm – 30 µm) has been investigated far less than other regions, mainly because of the lack of suitable photon sources. Only in the past decade has the situation changed dramatically as a consequence of the discovery of the optically pumped FIR laser. Both spectral sources and fluorescent detection in the FIR cannot be realized in the laboratory since in spontaneous emission the transition rate is proportional to v3. Only the black-body was available as a source before the discovery of the laser. Also, classical linear absorption spectroscopy leads to unsatisfactory results in the FIR. In fact, the relative Doppler linewidth ΔvD/v ≃10−6 is independent of frequency. But on the other hand, any spectroscope based either on diffraction or interference (λ measurement) is scaled proportional to λ. Its size for the FIR must be about 100 times larger than for the visible in order to reach the same resolving power. A very high resolution with laboratory-size equipment can be obtained only in a frequency measuring apparatus. It has been practically realized by using the MIM diode and heterodyne techniques [1]. Again, this method works properly only with such highly monochromatic and coherent sources as the laser. Thus, high-resolution spectroscopy could not be extended to the FIR region before the discovery of the laser.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. K.M. Evenson, D.A. Jennings, F.R. Petersen, and J.S. Wells: in “Laser Spectroscopy III” J.L. Hall and J.L. Carlsten Eds. Springer Verlag — Berlin, New York, 1977 pag. 56. Jennings D.A., F.R. Petersen, and K.M. Evenson: in “Laser Spectroscopy IV” H. Walther and K.W. Rothe Eds. Springer Verlag Berlin-New York 1979 pag. 39

    Google Scholar 

  2. P.D. Coleman:IEEE J. Quantum Electron., QE9, 130 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. T.Y. Chang and T.J. Bridges: Opt. Commun., 1, 423 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D.T. Hodges: Infrared Phys. 18, 375 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. E.A.J. Marcatili and R.A. Schmeltzer: Bell Syst.Tech.J. 43, 1783 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  6. B. Adam and F. Kneublihl: Appl.Phys. 8, 281 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. F. Strumia and M. Inguscio: “Stark Spectroscopy and Frequency Tuning in O.P. FIR Molecular Lasers” in “Infrared and Millimeter Wave” Vol. V K.J. Button ed., Academic Press, New York 1982, pag. 129–213.

    Google Scholar 

  8. T.Y. Chang: in “Nonlinear Infrared Generation” Y.R. Shen ed. Springer Verlag, Berlin, New York 1977 pag. 216–272

    Google Scholar 

  9. J.M. Lourtioz, J. Pontnau and F. Julien, Infrared Phys. 20, 231 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. F.R. Petersen, K.M. Evenson, D.A. Jennings, J.S. Wells, K. Goto, and J.J. Jimenez: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11,838(1975) F.R. Petersen, K.M. Evenson, D.A. Jennings and A. Scalabrin: IEEE J.Quantum Electron. QE16, 319 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Inguscio, P. Minguzzi, A. Moretti, F. Strumia and M. Tonelli: Appl. Phys. 18, 261 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. E. Bava, A. De Marchi, A. Godone, R. Benedetti, M. Inguscio, P. Minguzzi, F. Strumia and M. Tonelli: Optics Commun. 21, 46 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. C.H. Townes and A.L. Schawlow: “Microwave Spectroscopy” McGraw-Hill, New York(1955). M. Gordy and R.L. Cook: “Microwave Molecular Spectroscopy” Interscience Publishers, New York, (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  14. G. Bionducci, M. Inguscio, A. Moretti and F. Strumia: Infrared Phys. 19, 297 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Redon, C. Gastaud and M. Fourrier, Infrared Phys. 20, 93 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. F. Strumia: in “Coherence in Spectroscopy and Modern Physics”, F.T. Arecchi, R. Bonifacio and M.O. Scully eds. Pag.381, Plenum Press, New York, (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  17. M. Inguscio, A. Moretti, F. Strumia: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-16, 955 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Inguscio, A. Moretti, G. Moruzzi and F. Strumia: Int. J. Infr. Millim. Waves 2, 943 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J.O. Henningsen: IEEE J.Quantum Electron. QE-13, 435 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. E. Arimondo, M. Inguscio, A. Moretti, M. Pellegrino and F. Strumia: Optics Lett. 2, 496 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. D. Dangoisse, A. Deldalle and P. Glorieux: J. Chem. Phys. 69, 5201 (1978); D. Dangoisse and P. Glorieux: Opt. Commun. 32, 246 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. H.R. Fetterman, C.D. Parker and P.E. Tannenwald: Optics Commun. 18, 10 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Inguscio, A. Moretti and F. Strumia: Optics Commun. 30, 355 (1979) M. Inguscio; Contribution to this book

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Inguscio, A. Moretti and F. Strumia: Optics Commun. 12, 64 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. A.C. Luntz, R.G. Brewer, K.L. Foster and J.D. Swalen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 951 (1969) A.C. Luntz and R.G. Brewer: J. Chem. Phys. 53, 3380 (1970) J.S. Levine, P. Boncyk and A. Javan: Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 267 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. M.S. Feld, A. Sanchez, A. Javan and B.J. Feldman: Publ. n. 217 du CNRS, Paris 1974 pag. 87

    Google Scholar 

  27. F. Strumia, M. Inguscio, A. Moretti: in “ Laser Spectroscopy V” A.R.W. McKellar, T. Oka and B.P. Stoicheff eds. Springer Verlag, Berlin — New York 1981 pag. 255

    Google Scholar 

  28. M.S. Tobin and R.E. Jensen: Appl. Opt. 15, 2023 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. G.D. Willenberg: Opt. Lett. 6, 372 (1981) and references therein

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. H.R. Fetterman, H.R. Schlossberg and J. Waldman: Opt. Commun. 6, 156 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. T.A. De Temple: “Pulsed optically pumped FIR lasers” in “Infrared and Millimeter Waves — vol. I” K.J. Button ed. Academic Press, New York 1979 pagg. 129–184

    Google Scholar 

  32. N. Ioli, G. Moruzzi and F. Strumia: Lett. Nuovo Cimento 28., 257 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. N. Ioli, G. Moruzzi, M. Pellegrino and F. Strumia: Conf. Digest Sixth Int. Conf. on Infr. Millim. Waves (1981) K.J. Button Ed. IEEE CAT n° 81 CH1645-1 MTT paper F-1–8

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Inguscio, N. Ioli, A. Moretti, G. Moruzzi and F. Strumia:Opt. Commun. 37, 211 (1981) J.O. Henningsen, M. Inguscio, A. Moretti and F. Strumia: IEEE J. Quant. Electron QE-18, 1004 (l982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. K. Uehara, T. Shimizu and K. Shimoda: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-4, 728 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. K.M. Evenson, H.P. Broida, J.S. Wells, R.J. Mahler and M. Mizushima: Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 1038 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. K.M. Evenson, D.A. Jennings, F.R. Petersen, J.A. Mucha, J. J. Jimenez, R.M. Charlton and C.J. Howard: IEEE J.Quantum Electron. QE-13, 442 (1977) and references therein

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. D.D. Bicanic, B.F.J. Zuidberg and A. Dymanus: Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 367 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. H.R. Fetterman, P.E. Tannenwald, B.J. Clifton, C.D. Parker and W.D. Fitzgerald: Appl. Phys. Lett. 33,151 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. F. V. Van den Heuvel, W. Leo Meerts and A. Dymanus: J. Mol. Spectr. 84, 162 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. W.A.M. Blumberg, H.R. Fetterman and D.D. Peck: Appl. Phys. Lett. 35,582 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. H.R. Fetterman and W.A.M. Blumberg: in “Laser Spectroscopy V” A.R.M. McKeller, T. Oka, B.P. Stoicheff eds. Springer Verlag Berlin-New York 1981 pag. 76

    Google Scholar 

  43. C.B. Cosmovici, Inguscio M., F. Strafella and F. Strurnia: Astr. and Space Sc. 60, 475 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Piazza Torricelli, 2, I-56100, Pisa, Italy

    F. Strumia

Authors
  1. F. Strumia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Optics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    F. T. Arecchi

  2. University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    F. Strumia

  3. Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, University of Munich, Garching, Federal Republic of Germany

    H. Walther

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Strumia, F. (1983). High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy in the Far Infrared. In: Arecchi, F.T., Strumia, F., Walther, H. (eds) Advances in Laser Spectroscopy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3715-7_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3715-7_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3717-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3715-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation