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Attenuation in the Control of Gene Expression in Animal Viruses

  • Chapter
Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis

Part of the book series: Developments in Molecular Virology ((DMVI,volume 3))

Summary

Viral structural proteins self-assemble to produce the capsid of the virion. For an efficient self-assembly process the structural proteins should be synthesized in optimal amounts. This could be accomplished by a mechanism which somehow couples transcription in the nucleus to translation in the cytoplasm. A mechanism of gene regulation which couples transcription and translation, termed “attenuation” exists in procaryotes. This control is manifested through the synthesis of a small “leader” peptide. Successful synthesis of this peptide leads to transcription termination, whereas in the absence of its synthesis, the RNA polymerase is allowed to continue transcription through the structural genes that follow the DNA sequence coding for the leader peptide. In the present communication we summarize the available information concerning transcription termination and attenuation in eucaryotes and we show that a mechanism resembling attenuation in procaryotes regulates the production of VP1, VP2 and VP3 in SV40 and gene expression in other animal viruses. In analogy to procaryotes the leader protein of SV40 late RNA (“agnoprotein”) stabilizes the RNA conformation, stem-and-loop structure followed by us, which leads to transcription-termination, while deficiency of the agnoprotein leads to stabilization of an alternative RNA conformation which allows the RNA polymerase to continue transcription through the structural genes. These observations show that RNA polymerase II responds to a transcription-termination signal similar to that to which the procaryotic polymerase responds and they are included in a model in which a feedback control mechanism regulates the transcription of the viral mRNAs in the nucleus and the translation of their encoded proteins in the cytoplasm. The model has striking similarities to the attenuation model in amino acid biosynthetic operons of bacteria suggesting that SV40 has exploited a procacryotic control mechanism and adjusted it to the eucaryotic environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel

    Yosef Aloni, Nissim Hay, Hagit Skolnik-David, Pierre Pfeiffer, Rivka Abulafia, Ron Pruzan, Edna Ben-Asher, Edward B. Jakobovits, Orgad Laub & Avri Ben-Ze’ev

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Aloni, Y. et al. (1984). Attenuation in the Control of Gene Expression in Animal Viruses. In: Kohn, A., Fuchs, P. (eds) Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis. Developments in Molecular Virology, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3894-9_1

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