Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acidic Precipitation Research in Canada

  • Chapter
Acidic Precipitation

Part of the book series: Advances in Environmental Science ((2311,volume 5))

  • 77 Accesses

Abstract

The deposition rate of strong acid in eastern Canada is similar to or greater than that documented in Norway and Sweden. Since the mid- 1970s, Canadian provincial and federal agencies have been studying the effects of acidic deposition on atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic systems. Research results have consistently supported the Canadian position that reductions in sulphur dioxide emissions are needed across eastern North America to protect sensitive environments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abouguendia, Z.M., L.A. Baschak, and R.C. Goodwin. 1986. Effects of simulated acidic precipitation on Saskatchewan crop and forest species—results of the 1985/86 experiments. SRC Technical Report No. 191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azzaria, L.M., P.J. Gelinas, R. Robitaille, and J.F. Wilhelmy. 1982. Etude géologique et hydrogéologique du lac Laflamme, Parc des Laurentides, Québec. Report for Environment Canada, Inland Waters Directorate, Dept. of Geology, U. of Laval, Ste. Foy, Québec, 95 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrie, L.A., and A. Sirois. 1986. Wet and dry deposition of sulphates and nitrates in eastern Canada: 1979–1982. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 303–310.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beamish, R.J. 1974a. The loss of fish populations from unexploited remote lakes in Ontario, Canada, as a consequence of atmospheric fallout of acid. Water Res 8: 85–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beamish, R.J. 1974b. Growth and survival of white suckers (Catostomus com- mersoni) in an acidified lake. J Fish Res Board Can 31: 49–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beamish, R.J., and H.H. Harvey. 1972. Acidification of the La Cloche Mountain Lakes, Ontario, and resulting fish mortalities. J Fish Res Board Can 29: 1131–1143.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beamish, R.J., W.L. Lockhart, J.C. Van Loon, and H.H. Harvey. 1975. Long-term acidification of a lake and resulting effects on fishes. Ambio 4: 98–102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beggs, G.L., and J.M. Gunn. 1986. Response of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and brook trout (S. fontinalis) to surface water acidification in Ontario. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 711–717.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernier, B., M. Brazeau, C. Camire, and A. Brousseau. 1985. Recherche sur le dé;pé;rissement et le status nutritif de l’é;rablière des Appalaches au Qué;bec. Rapport d’é;tape sur les travaux ré;alisé;s en 1984–1985: 62 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berrill M., L. Hollett, A. Margosian, and J. Hudson. 1985. Variation in tolerance to low environmental pH by the crayfish Orconectes rusticus, O. propinquis, and Cambarus robustus. Can J Zool 63: 2586–2589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bottomley, D.J., D. Craig, and L.M. Johnston. 1984. Neutralization of acid runoff by groundwater discharge to streams in Canadian Precambrian Shield watersheds. J Hydrol 75: 1–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canada/U.S. Memorandum of intent between the government of Canada and the government of the United States of America concerning transboundary air pollution. 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Forestry Service. 1986. Forest insect and disease conditions in Canada 1985. ISBN 0-662-14890: 107 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrier, L. 1986. Decline in Québec’s forests: Assessment of the situation. ISBN 2-550-16816-X. Dépôt légal, Bibliothèque nationale du Québec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Case, J.W. 1985. Mapping trace element deposition in Ontario using lichens and mosses as biological monitors. Poster Presentation at International Symposium on Acidic Precipitation, Muskoka ’85 Conference, Muskoka, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charles, D.F., et al. 1986. The PIRLA Project (Paleoecological Investigation of Recent Lake Acidification): Preliminary Results for the Adirondacks, New England, N. Great Lakes States, and N. Florida. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 355–365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, K.L. 1986. Distributions of anuran populations in central Ontario relative to habitat acidity. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 727–734.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, K.L., and R.J. Hall. 1985. Effects of pH and aluminum on amphibian embryo-larval survival. Can J Zool 63: 116–123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, K.L., and B.D. LaZerte. 1985. A laboratory study of the effects of aluminum and pH on amphibian eggs and tadpoles. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 42: 1544–1551.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, R.B. (ed.). 1988. The effects of acidic deposition on aquatic resources in Canada: An analysis of past, present, and future effects. ORNL/TM-10405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, R.M. 1983. Sensitivity of forest plant reproduction to long range transported air pollutants: In vitro sensitivity of pollen to simulated acid rain. New Phytol 95: 269–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, R.M. 1985. Determination of the sensitivity of forest flora reproductive processes to wet deposited trace elements and acid due to long range transported air pollutants. Canadian Forestry Service Contract Report No. OS082-00289:160 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, D., L.M. Johnston, and D.J. Bottomley. 1986. Acidification of shallow groundwaters due to acid shock events. Manuscript Report, National Hydrology Res. Inst., Env. Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 16 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, J., B. Freedman, and J.J. Kerekes. 1985. Acidity and associated water chemistry of amphibian habitats in Nova Scotia. Can J Zool 63: 97–105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Den Hartog, G., H.H. Neumann, and K.M. King. 1987. Measurements of ozone; sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide fluxes to a deciduous forest. Reprinted from the Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology and 8th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology, September 14’18, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickman, M.D., and H.G. Thode. 1985. The rate of lake acidification in four lakes north of Lake Superior and its relationship to downcore sulphur isotope ratios. Water Air Soil Pollut 26: 233–253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, P.J. 1983. Chemical alterations of surface waters by acidic deposition in Canada. Water Qual Bull 8: 127–132.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, P.J., D.S. Jeffries, and W.A. Scheider. 1982. The use of calibrated lakes and watersheds for estimating point source. Water Air Soil Pollut 18: 241–258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, P.J., D.S. Jeffries, W. Snyder, R. Reid, N.D. Yan, D. Evans, J. Moss, and W.A. Scheider. 1978. Acidic precipitation in south-central Ontario. J Fish Res Board Can 35: 809–815.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, P.J., M. Lusis, R. Reid, and D. Yap. 1988. Ten-year trends in sulphate and nitrate deposition in central Ontario. Atmos Environ 22: 901–905.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, P.J., R.A. Reid, and E. de Grosbois. 1987. The rate of acidification of aquatic ecosystems in Ontario, Canada. Nature 329: 45–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, P.J., N.D. Yan, and H.H. Harvey. 1984. Acidic precipitation: Effects on aquatic ecosystems. CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 13: 167–194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixit, Sushil S. 1986. Diatom-inferred pH calibration of lakes near Wawa, Ontario. Can J Bot 64: 1129–1133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G.C., and G.L. Ogram. 1986. Eddy correlation measurements of dry deposition fluxes using a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer gas monitor. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 187–194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellenton, G., B. Ley, and P.K. Misra. 1985. A trajectory puff model of sulphur transport for eastern North America. Atmos Environ 19: 727–737.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellenton, G., P.K. Misra, and B. Ley. 1988. The relative roles of emissions changes and meteorological variability in variation of wet sulphur deposition: A trajectory model study. Atmos Environ 22: 547–556.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Environment Canada. 1983. Canada-United States, Memorandum of Intent on Transboundary Air Pollutants, Impact Assessment Final Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. The acidic deposition phenomenon and its effects. Critical Assessment Document. EPA/600/8-85/001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enyedi, A.J., and A.L. Kuja. 1986. Assessment of relative sensitivities during early growth stages of selected crop species subjected to simulated acidic rain. Water Air Soil Pollut 31: 325–335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freda J., and W.A. Dunson. 1986. Effects of low pH and other chemical variables on the total distribution of amphibians. Copeia: 454–466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagnon, G., L. Robitaille, G. Roy, and C. Gravel. 1985. Le dépérissement des érablières: Comportement de certaines variables écologiques. La terre de Chez Nous (dossier). 3: 28 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagnon, G., G. Roy, C. Gravel, and J. Gagné. 1986. Etat des recherches sur le dépérissement au ministère de l’Energie et des Ressources. Journée d’information sur l’acériculture: 47–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gascon, C., and D. Planas. 1986. Spring pond water chemistry and the reproduction of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Can J Zool 64: 543–550.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glooschenko, V., W. Weller, and C. Eastwood. 1985. Amphibian abundance and distribution with respect to environmental contaminants and pH stress adjacent to Sudbury, Ontario. Technical report of Wildlife Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Queen’s Park, Toronto. 30 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, R. W., E. Carney, L. Nakamoto, and K.H. Nicholls. 1990. Parameterization of calibration equations relating diatom microfossils to surface water pH and alkalinity in central Ontario lakes. In prep.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haines, T.A. 1981. Acidic precipitation and its consequences for aquatic ecosystems: A review. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 110: 669–707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R.J., and F.P. Ide. 1987. Evidence of acidification effects on stream insect communities in central Ontario between 1937 and 1985. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44: 1652–1657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, H.H. 1982. Population responses of fish in acidified waters. In R.E. Johnson (ed.), Acid rain/fisheries: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Acidic Precipitation and Fishery Impacts in Northeastern North America, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, H.H., and C. Lee. 1982. Historical fisheries changes related to surface water pH changes in Canada. Acid rain/fisheries: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Acidic Rain and Fishery Impacts in Northeastern North America, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, H.H., R.C. Pierce, P.J. Dillon, J.P. Kramer, and D.M. Whelpdale. 1981. Acidification in the Canadian aquatic environment. Publ. NRCC No. 18475 of the Environmental Secretariat, National Research Council, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedin, L.O., G.E. Likens, and F.H. Bormann. 1987. Decrease in precipitation acidity resulting from decreased sulphate concentration. Nature 325: 244–246.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen, A. 1979. A simple approach for identifying and measuring acidification of freshwater. Nature 278: 542–545.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen, A. 1982. Preacidification pH—values in Norwegian rivers and lakes. NIVA Report 3/1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtze, K.E., and N J. Hutchinson. 1989. Lethality of low pH and A1 to early life stages of six fish species inhabiting PreCambrian Shield waters in Ontario. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46: 1188–1202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houston, D.R. 1981. Stress-triggered tree disease: The diebacks and declines. NF- INF-41-81. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Broomall, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, N.J., K.E. Holtze, J.R. Munro, and T.W. Pawson. 1989. Modifying effects of life stage, ionic strength and post-exposure mortality on lethality of H+ and A1 to lake trout and brook trout. Aquat Toxic 15: 1–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, T.C. 1980. Effects of acid leaching on cation loss from soils. In T.C. Hutchinson and M. Hava (eds), Effects of acid precipitation on terrestrial ecosystems. NATO Conf. Series, New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, T.C., L. Bozic, and G. Munoz-Yega. 1986. Responses of five species of conifer seedlings to aluminum stress. Water Air Soil Pollut 31: 283–294.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, T.C., and M. Scott. 1986. Effects of long-term simulated acid precipitation on forest ecosystems: The Burt Lake and maple decline in Ontario projects. Presented at the Forest Decline Workshop, Oct. 20–22, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, M. 1985. Filamentous algae in Ontario softwater lakes. Poster presentation at Internat. Symp. on Acidic Precipitation, Sept. 15–20, 1985, Muskoka, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffries, D.S., R.G. Semkin, R. Neureuther, and M. Seymour. 1986. Influence of atmospheric deposition on lake mass balances in the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Central Ontario. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 1033–1044.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffries, D.S., D. Wales, J.R.M. Kelso, and R.A. Linthurst. 1986. Regional chemical characteristics of lakes in North America: Part I—eastern Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 31: 551–567.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, L.M., D.J. Bottomley, D. Craig, K. Inch, and H. Chew. 1985. The role of groundwater in modifying the effects of acidic precipitation on surface waters. Manuscript Report, National Hydrology Res. Inst., Env. Canada, Ottawa, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, H.G., and C. Deblois. 1987. Chemical dynamics of N-containing ionic species in a boreal forest snowcover during the springmelt period. Hydrol Proc 1: 271–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelso, J.R.M., C.K Minns, J.E. Gray, and M.L. Jones. 1986. Acidification of surface waters in eastern Canada and its relationship to aquatic biota. Can Spec Publ Fish Aquat Sci 87, 42 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerekes, J., and B. Freedman. 1986. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of three watersheds in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia. Enyiron Can. Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerekes, J., G. Howell, S. Beauchamp, and T. Pollock. 1982. Characterization of three lake basins sensitive to acid precipitation in central Nova Scotia (June 1979 to May 1980). Int. Revue, ges. Hydrobiol. 67: 679–694.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuja, A. 1988. A Canadian evaluation of NAPAP’s interim assessment of the effects of acidic deposition on agricultural crops. Presented at the APCA Conference in January 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuja, A., R. Jones, and A. Enyedi. 1986. A mobile rain exclusion canopy system to determine dose-response relationships for crops and forest species. Water Air Soil Pollut 31: 307–315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtz, J., A.J.S. Tang, R.W. Kirk, and W.H. Chan. 1984. Analysis of an acid rain deposition episode at Dorset, Ontario. Atmos Environ 18: 387–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lachance, D. 1985. Répartition géographique et intensité du dépérissement de l’érable à sucre dans les érablières au Québec. Phyto-protection 66: 83–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, G.L. 1985. Survival of eggs and alevins of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in relation to the chemistry of interstitial water in redds in some acidic streams of Atlantic Canada. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 42: 292–299.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landers, D.H., W.S. Overton, R.A. Linthurst, and D.F Brakke. 1988. Eastern lake survey. Environ Sci Technol 22: 128–135.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaZerte, B.D., and P.J. Dillon. 1984. Relative importance of anthropogenic versus natural sources of acidity in lakes and streams of central Ontario. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41: 1664–1677.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leaitch, W.R., J.W. Strapp, H.A. Wiebe, and G.A. Isaac. 1986. Chemical and microphysical studies of non-precipitating and precipitating cloud. J Geophysical Research 91 (D11): 11821–11831.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Drew, and William Davis. 1986. Joint report of the special envoys on acid rain. 35 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linzon, S.N., and P. J. Temple. 1980. Soil resampling and pH measurements after an 18-year period in Ontario. Proceedings of International Conf. on the Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, Sandefjord, Norway: 176–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lusis, M.A., A.J.S. Tang, W.H. Chan, D. Yap, J. Kurtz, and P.K. Misra. 1986. Sudbury smelter impact on atmospheric deposition of acidic substances in Ontario. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 897–908.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manion, P.D. 1981. Tree disease concepts. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, D.L., S.N. Linzon, D.E. Dimma, and W.D. Mcllveen. 1985. Sugar maple decline in Ontario. Report No. ARB-144-85-Phyto, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Canada: 18 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNicol, D.K., B.E. Bendell, and R.K Ross. 1985. Waterfowl and aquatic ecosystem acidification in northern Ontario. Manuscript report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Env. Canada, Ottawa, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mierle, G., K. Clark, and R. France. 1986. The impact of acidification on aquatic biota in North America: A comparison of field and laboratory results. Water Air Soil Pollut 31: 593–604.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, K.H., and D.W. Schindler. 1986. Biological indicators of lake acidification. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 779–789.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minns, Charles K., and John R.M. Kelso. 1986. Estimates of existing and potential impact of acidification on the freshwater resources of eastern Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 31: 1079–1090.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, I.K. 1981. Effect of simulated acid precipitation on composition of percolate from reconstructed profiles of two northern Ontario forest soils. Can For Serv Res Notes 1: 6–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Academy of Sciences. 1986. Committee on Monitoring and Assessment of Trends in Acid Deposition. 1986. Acid deposition long-term trends. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary, B.P., and P.J. Dillon. 1988. Effects of sulphur deposition on lake water chemistry in Ontario. Nature 333: 340–343.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nero, R.W., and D.W. Schindler. 1983. Decline of Mysis relicta during acidification of lake 223. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40: 1905–1911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogram, G.L., EJ. Northrup, and G.C. Edwards. 1988. Fast-time response— tunable diode laser measurements of atmospheric trace gases for eddy correlation. J Atmos Oceanogr Techn. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, R.H. 1984. Influence of varying pH and some inorganic cations on the perivitelline potential of eggs of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41: 1066–1069.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pough, F.H. 1976. Acid precipitation and embryonic mortality of spotted salamanders, Ambystoma maculatum. Science 192: 68–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reuss, J.O., and D.W. Johnson. 1985. Effect of soil processes on the acidification of water by acid deposition. J Environ Qual 14: 26–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RMCC. 1986. Assessment of the state of knowledge on the long-range transport of air pollutants and acid deposition. Part 2. Atmospheric sciences: 108 pp. Part 3. Aquatic effects: 57 pp. Part 4. Terrestrial effects: 80 pp. Federal/Provincial Research and Monitoring Coordinating Committee (RMCC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rooke, J.B., and J.B. Mackie. 1984a. Molluscs of six low-alkalinity lakes in Ontario. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41: 777–782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rooke, J.B., and J.B. Mackie. 1984b. Growth and production of three species of molluscs in six low alkalinity lakes in Ontario, Canada. Can J Zool 62: 1474–1478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford, G.K., G.W. van Loon, S.F. Mortensen, and J.A. Hern. 1985. Chemical and pedogenetic effects of simulated acid precipitation on two eastern Canadian forest soils. II. Metals. Can J For Res 15: 848–854.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saber, P.S., and W.A. Dunson. 1978. Toxicity of bog water to embryonic and larval anuran amphibians. J Exp Zool 204: 33–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schemenauer, R. 1986. Acidic deposition to forests. The 1983 chemistry of high elevation fog (CHEF) project. Atmosphere-Ocean 24: 303–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schemenauer, R., and C. Winston. 1988. The 1986 chemistry of high elevation fog project. Presented at the 81st APCA Annual Meeting, June 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, D.W. 1987. Detecting ecosystem responses to anthropogenic stress. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44, Suppl. 1: 6–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, D.W. 1988. Effects of acid rain on freshwater ecosystems. Science 239: 149–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, D.W., K.H. Mills, D.F. Malley, D.L. Findlay, J.A. Shearer, I.J. Davies, M.A. Turner, G.A. Linsey, and D.R. Cruikshank. 1985. Long-term ecosystem stress: The effects of years of experimental acidification on a small lake. Science 228: 1395–1401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, D.W., and M.A. Turner. 1982. Biological, chemical and physical responses of lakes to experimental acidification. Water Air Soil Pollut 18: 259–271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seip, H.M., R. Seip, P.J. Dillon, and E. de Grosbois. 1985. Model of sulphate concentration in a small stream in the Harp Lake catchment, Ontario. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 42: 927–937.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semkin, P.G., and D.S. Jeffries. 1986. Bulk deposition of ions in the Turkey Lakes watershed. Water Poll Res J Can 21: 474–485.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somers, Keith M., and Harold H. Harvey. 1984. Alteration of fish communities in lakes stressed by acid deposition and heavy metals near Wawa, Ontario. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41: 20–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, M., and G.L. Mackie. 1986. Lake acidification as a limiting factor in the distribution of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43: 288–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Summers, P.W., V.C. Bowersox, and G.J. Stensland. 1986. The geographical distribution and temporal variations of acidic deposition in eastern North American. Water Air Soil Pollut 31: 523–535.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Summers, P.W., and D.M. Whelpdale. 1976. Acid precipitation in Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 6: 447–455.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, A.J.S., A. Ahmed, and M.A.Lusis. 1986. Summary: Some results from the APIOS atmospheric deposition monitoring program (1981-1984). Ontario Ministry of the Environment, ARB-110-86, APIOS-Oll-86: 33 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trail Smelter Arbitral Tribunal. 1941. Trail smelter arbitral tribunal decision. Amer. J. Int. Law 35: 684–737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Underwood, J.K. 1985. Acid deposition in Nova Scotia: Seven years of record. Presented at the International Symposium on Acid Precipitation, Muskoka, September 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkatram, A., and P.K. Misra. 1988. Testing a comprehensive acid deposition model. Atmos Environ 22: 137–747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watt, W.D., C.D. Scott, and W.J. White. 1983. Evidence of acidification of some Nova Scotia rivers and its impact on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40: 462–473.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitby, L.M., P.M. Stokes, T.C. Hutchinson, and G. Myslik. 1976. Ecological consequence of acidic and heavy-metal discharges from the Sudbury smelters. Can Mineralogist 14: 47–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, R.F. 1983. Predicting acidification of North American lakes. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Tech. Rep. 4/183: 165 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yap, D., and J. Kurtz. 1986. Meteorological analyses of acidic precipitation in Ontario. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 873–878.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zakshek, E.M., and K.J. Puckett. 1986. Lichen sulphur and lead levels in relation to deposition patterns in eastern Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 30: 161–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dorset Research Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, P.O. Box 39, P0A 1E0, Dorset, Ontario, Canada

    J. C. Keith & P. J. Dillon

Authors
  1. J. C. Keith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. J. Dillon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, NL-3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    A. H. M. Bresser

  2. Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Institute for Soil Fertility, NL-9750 RA, Haren (GR), The Netherlands

    W. Salomons

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keith, J.C., Dillon, P.J. (1990). Acidic Precipitation Research in Canada. In: Bresser, A.H.M., Salomons, W. (eds) Acidic Precipitation. Advances in Environmental Science, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8941-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8941-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8943-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8941-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation