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Brain Fatty Acid Uptake

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Neural Metabolism In Vivo

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 4))

Abstract

The brain is a highly lipid-rich organ. Fatty acids are the primary constituents of brain lipids, and are provided either by exogenous uptake, or by de novo synthesis. Brain lipids are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids containing double bonds at the ω3 or ω6 positions, which cannot be synthesized and therefore must be obtained from the circulation. The precise mechanism(s) by which the brain takes up these and other exogenous fatty acids have not been completely resolved. Interpretation of experiments designed to measure fatty acid transport can be problematical unless effects on subsequent metabolism of the fatty acid are also considered. Furthermore, brain fatty acid uptake is complicated by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. In this chapter, prevailing thought on how fatty acids enter the brain is presented. In the first section, brain uptake of fatty acids via unfacilitated diffusion is discussed. In the second section, we discuss the potential role(s) of candidate transport proteins and fatty acid binding proteins in the fatty acid uptake process. In the third section, current knowledge of in vivo brain fatty acid uptake is summarized.

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Abbreviations

AA:

arachidonic acid

AAT:

aspartate aminotransferase

ACS:

acyl-CoA synthetase

BBB:

blood brain barrier

DHA:

docosahexaenoic acid

FA:

fatty acid

FABP:

fatty acid binding protein

FABPpm:

plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein

FAT:

fatty acid translocase

FATP:

fatty acid transport protein

HDL:

high-density lipoprotein

LCFA:

long-chain fatty acid

LDL:

low-density lipoprotein

LDLr:

low-density lipoprotein receptor

VLCFA:

very long-chain fatty acid

VLDL:

very low-density lipoprotein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA

    James A. Hamilton & Kellen Brunaldi

  2. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building 150 College Street, Room 306, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada

    Richard P. Bazinet Ph.D.

  3. Kennedy Krieger Institute and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Paul A. Watkins M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. James A. Hamilton
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  2. Kellen Brunaldi
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  3. Richard P. Bazinet Ph.D.
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  4. Paul A. Watkins M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Paul A. Watkins M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas, Rainbow Blvd. 3901, Kansas City, 66160, Kansas, USA

    In-Young Choi

  2. Inst. Physique de la Matière Complexe, Labo. d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle et, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland

    Rolf Gruetter

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Hamilton, J.A., Brunaldi, K., Bazinet, R.P., Watkins, P.A. (2012). Brain Fatty Acid Uptake. In: Choi, IY., Gruetter, R. (eds) Neural Metabolism In Vivo. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1788-0_27

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