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Of Time and the House: the Early Neolithic Communities of the Paris Basin and Their Domestic Architecture

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Tracking the Neolithic House in Europe

Part of the book series: One World Archaeology ((WORLDARCH))

Abstract

The first Neolithic architectures in the Paris Basin were the Danubian-style longhouses of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture. These enormous structures were first built about 5100 cal BC in this region and would have dwarfed Mesolithic structures in both size and durability. This chapter focuses on the lifecycle of the longhouse structure, examining in turn what it meant to build, live with and then abandon this type of architecture. Adding a temporal dimension to the study of domestic buildings enlivens static house plans and assists in the investigation of how the house operated as a locus for social memory. The cyclical routines of the agricultural year are considered here alongside the more linear trajectories of community formation and dissolution, in which the longhouse was implicated. The two longhouse cultures found in the Paris Basin, the Rubané Récent du Bassin parisien (RRBP) and the Villeneuve-Saint-Germain (VSG), are compared in order to investigate issues of cultural transformation. It is concluded that building a longhouse was a commitment to the local community on the scale of the human life-time at least, while older houses left to decay in situ became a focus for recalling and connecting with the past.

The title of this paper is adapted from the title of Terrence Davies’ 2008 film Of time and the city. This film explored Davies’ personal history of Liverpool through a montage of photographs, film, music and Davies’ own commentary. The changing architecture of the city plays a large role as the narrative tracks social change over the last five decades. By borrowing from this film title, I want to capture that sense of architecture as a means into exploring a particular community and viewpoint, as a perspective on the world.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The LBK longhouse appears to have more posts than it would have required to be a structurally sound building (Coudart 1998).

  2. 2.

    Although this model has recently been questioned by Rück (2009, p. 177), here I follow the consensus view and adopt a model with the shorter time span for the life of a LBK house.

  3. 3.

    This is largely because the central section is the only one of the three modular segments that can be constructed on its own.

  4. 4.

    Coudart’s (1998) model for tripartite houses is a refinement of Modderman’s (1970, 1988) and this model is more inclusive, with the presence of a ‘corridor’ denoting the presence of a front or south-eastern section.

  5. 5.

    Ninety-two percent of houses are tripartite (based on information from Bickle 2008, Appendix 2).

  6. 6.

    There are, however, hints that some instances of less significant rebuilding took place during the lifetime of the house. Extra posts, not required in other instances, appear to be added frequently to walls and corridors, possibly to support walls and the roof (Hofmann 2006, in prep.; for examples in the Paris Basin see Bickle 2008, Appendix 2.2). An example of this may be visible in Fig. 7.2a.

  7. 7.

    Bogaard (2004) has not examined cereal remains from the Paris Basin and due care must be taken in extrapolating from one LBK region to another. However, given the overall dominance of autumn sowing in the LBK in other regions it seems reasonable to apply this model to the Paris Basin.

  8. 8.

    It has been suggested that such a practice took place throughout the summer months during the later Neolithic in the Black Forest Mountains (Kienlin and Valde-Nowak 2003).

  9. 9.

    The ‘sided-ness’ of deposition in loam pits has previously been attributed to the effect of erosion on sloped sites, but given its repeated reappearance in a multitude of different situations, including at VSG sites such as Poses (Bostyn 2003) and Aubevoye (Riché, personal communication), it cannot be easily dismissed as accidental.

  10. 10.

    This does not, however, include houses 420 and 425 at Cuiry-lès-Chaudardes, which appear to share a loam pit (Ilett and Coudart 1982).

  11. 11.

    However, there is occasional evidence that LBK longhouses from other regions may have accidentally or deliberately been burnt (Lenneis and Lüning 2001; Pavlů 2000).

  12. 12.

    Even the large site of Poses, Normandy, has only ten houses (Bostyn 2003; Bostyn and Lanchon 2007).

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Daniela Hofmann and Jessica Smyth, who invited me to contribute to this book even though I was not able to attend the original conference session at World Archaeological Congress (WAC). I would also like to thank both of them and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments on this chapter. Ian Dennis and Steve Mills, Cardiff University, helped with the illustrations. Tempus publishing and Magdalena Midgley kindly gave permission to reproduce the photograph in Fig. 7.7.

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  1. School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Humanities Building, Colum Road, CF10 3EU, Cardiff, UK

    Penny Bickle

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  1. , School of History, Archaeology,, Cardiff University, Colum Road, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, United Kingdom

    Daniela Hofmann

  2. , School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom

    Jessica Smyth

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Bickle, P. (2013). Of Time and the House: the Early Neolithic Communities of the Paris Basin and Their Domestic Architecture. In: Hofmann, D., Smyth, J. (eds) Tracking the Neolithic House in Europe. One World Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5289-8_7

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